ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice

ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice Related

Review ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice related questions and content

What should you monitor when administering Clopidogrel to a patient?

  • A. Signs of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • B. Bleeding during therapy
  • C. CBC with differential and platelet count
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When administering Clopidogrel, it is crucial to monitor for signs of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, bleeding during therapy, and changes in CBC with differential and platelet count. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare but serious condition associated with Clopidogrel use, characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neurological symptoms, fever, and renal dysfunction. Monitoring for signs of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is essential to detect this potentially life-threatening condition early. Monitoring for bleeding helps to assess the risk of hemorrhagic events, a known side effect of Clopidogrel. Additionally, regular monitoring of CBC with differential and platelet count is necessary to evaluate the drug's impact on blood cell counts and detect any abnormalities that may require intervention. Therefore, monitoring all these parameters is vital to ensure patient safety and appropriate management during Clopidogrel therapy.

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A client has a new prescription for Etravirine, an NNRTI. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in teaching the client?

  • A. Take this medication with food.
  • B. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
  • C. Take this medication at the same time every day.
  • D. Take this medication at bedtime to prevent drowsiness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching the client is to take Etravirine at the same time every day. This ensures consistent blood levels and effectiveness of the medication. Consistent timing is essential to achieve optimal therapeutic effects and avoid missing doses. Choices A and B are incorrect because Etravirine should not necessarily be taken with or without food; it is more important to take it consistently. Choice D is incorrect as there is no need to take Etravirine at bedtime to prevent drowsiness.

The following are true for adrenaline EXCEPT:

  • A. it acts via G-proteins
  • B. alpha receptor stimulation results in decreased cAMP production
  • C. it may be administered via inhalation, orally and parentally
  • D. it has no active metabolites
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adrenaline, or epinephrine, is a catecholamine that exerts its effects through adrenergic receptors, which are G-protein-coupled, making its action via G-proteins a true statement. Alpha receptor stimulation typically inhibits adenylate cyclase, reducing cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, which aligns with its known pharmacology and is also true. Adrenaline can indeed be administered via inhalation (e.g., for asthma), orally (though less common), and parenterally (e.g., intramuscularly in anaphylaxis), confirming this as true. However, adrenaline does have active metabolites, such as metanephrine and normetanephrine, produced via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolism, making the statement about having no active metabolites false. In cardiac arrest, it facilitates CPR by causing peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing coronary perfusion pressure, which is true. The false statement here is about the absence of active metabolites, as adrenaline's breakdown products retain some activity, a key point in understanding its pharmacokinetics and duration of effect.

When preparing to administer IV Acyclovir for Herpes Zoster, what action should the nurse take?

  • A. Infuse the medication over 1 hour.
  • B. Monitor the client's blood pressure every 15 minutes during infusion.
  • C. Administer a stool softener.
  • D. Monitor the client's blood glucose level every 4 hours during infusion.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse is to infuse IV Acyclovir over at least 1 hour to prevent nephrotoxicity. Rapid infusion can lead to adverse effects, so a slow infusion rate is crucial for patient safety. Monitoring blood pressure, administering a stool softener, or monitoring blood glucose levels are not directly related to the administration of IV Acyclovir for Herpes Zoster.

A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical history of a client who has a new prescription for Metformin to treat type 2 diabetes. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional report to the provider?

  • A. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.5%
  • B. Creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL
  • C. BUN level of 18 mg/dL
  • D. Liver function tests showing AST of 50 units/L
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Elevated AST levels in liver function tests should be reported to the provider when a client is prescribed Metformin due to the potential risk of hepatotoxicity associated with the medication. Elevated Hemoglobin A1C (choice A), Creatinine level within normal range (choice B), and BUN level within normal range (choice C) are not directly concerning when initiating Metformin therapy.

A client has a new prescription for Sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

  • A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
  • B. Increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
  • C. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
  • D. Expect your stools to be black and tarry.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction that the nurse should include for a client prescribed Sucralfate is to take the medication on an empty stomach. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier over ulcers, which is most effective when the stomach is empty. Taking it with food or other medications may decrease its effectiveness. Instructing the client to take Sucralfate on an empty stomach helps ensure optimal therapeutic benefits. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing high-sodium foods is not related to Sucralfate therapy, taking the medication with a full glass of milk is not recommended as it may decrease its effectiveness, and the presence of black and tarry stools is not an expected outcome of Sucralfate.

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