Nokea
What statement is most accurate in describing tetanus?
- A. Inflammatory disease that causes extreme, localized muscle spasm.
- B. Disease affecting the salivary gland with resultant stiffness of the jaw.
- C. Acute infectious disease caused by an exotoxin produced by an anaerobic spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus.
- D. Acute infection that causes meningeal inflammation resulting in symptoms of generalized muscle spasm.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani?s exotoxins, affects the central nervous system, causing muscle stiffness and spasms, starting with the jaw (lockjaw). It?s not inflammatory, doesn?t affect salivary glands, and isn?t caused by meningeal inflammation.
You may also like to solve these questions
The parents of an infant with cerebral palsy (CP) ask the nurse if their child will have cognitive impairment. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge?
- A. Affected children have some degree of cognitive impairment.
- B. Around 20% of affected children have normal intelligence.
- C. About 45% of affected children have normal intelligence.
- D. Cognitive impairment is expected if motor and sensory deficits are severe.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Approximately 40% to 50% of children with CP have normal intelligence, with a wide range of cognitive outcomes. Severe physical impairment does not necessarily correlate with cognitive deficits, and many have minimal intellectual compromise.
What statement best describes Duchenne (pseudohypertrophic) muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
- A. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
- B. Onset occurs in later childhood and adolescence.
- C. It is characterized by presence of Gower sign, a waddling gait, and lordosis.
- D. Disease stabilizes during adolescence, allowing for life expectancy to approximately age 40 years.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DMD features Gower sign, waddling gait, and lordosis due to progressive muscle weakness starting at ages 3-5. It?s X-linked recessive, not autosomal dominant, and relentlessly progresses, leading to death by respiratory or cardiac failure, not stabilization.
What type of cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type?
- A. Ataxic
- B. Spastic
- C. Dyskinetic
- D. Mixed type
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spastic CP, marked by initial hypotonia transitioning to hypertonicity, is the most common type. Ataxic, dyskinetic, and mixed types are less frequent, with spastic CP showing increased stretch reflexes and weakness.
What functional ability should the nurse expect in a child with a spinal cord lesion at C7?
- A. Complete respiratory paralysis
- B. No voluntary function of upper extremities
- C. Inability to roll over or attain sitting position
- D. Almost complete independence within limitations of wheelchair
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A C7 spinal cord lesion allows significant independence with wheelchair use, with some assistance for transfers and dressing. Respiratory paralysis occurs at C3 or higher, upper extremity function is preserved, and rolling over or sitting is possible.
A recommendation to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) is the supplementation of what?
- A. Vitamin A throughout pregnancy
- B. Folic acid for all women of childbearing age
- C. Folic acid during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy
- D. Multivitamin preparations as soon as pregnancy is suspected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age, especially preconceptionally, reduces NTD incidence significantly, as defects occur early (3-5 weeks). Vitamin A is unrelated, and supplementation only during pregnancy or with multivitamins is less effective.