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What STIs can cause one of the TORCH infections in the fetus?
- A. HPV
- B. HSV
- C. HIV
- D. syphilis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syphilis is one of the STIs that can cause one of the TORCH infections in a fetus. TORCH infections are a group of infections that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus and include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. When a pregnant woman with untreated syphilis transmits the infection to her fetus, it can result in congenital syphilis, which can have serious consequences such as stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and developmental delays. Syphilis is thus an important infectious cause of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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What hormonal medication can be used in a premenopausal patient without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression?
- A. letrozole (Femara)
- B. exemestane (Aromasin)
- C. elacestrant (Orserdu)
- D. tamoxifen (Soltamox)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamoxifen is a hormonal medication that can be used in premenopausal patients without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts by blocking estrogen receptors in breast tissue, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen is commonly prescribed for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Unlike aromatase inhibitors (e.g., letrozole and exemestane) which require ovarian suppression in premenopausal patients, tamoxifen can be used as monotherapy in premenopausal patients due to its different mechanism of action. Elacestrant is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and not commonly used in clinical practice for this indication.
Which nursing intervention is an independent function of the professional nurse?
- A. Administering oral analgesics
- B. Requesting diagnostic studies
- C. Teaching the patient perineal care
- D. Providing wound care to a surgical incision
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oral analgesics is an independent function of the professional nurse. Independent nursing interventions are those that a nurse is licensed to initiate based on their knowledge and skills without needing an order from a healthcare provider. Nurses are educated and trained in medication administration, including oral analgesics, and can independently assess the need for and safely administer them within their scope of practice. While requesting diagnostic studies, teaching perineal care, and providing wound care are essential nursing interventions, they typically require some form of healthcare provider's order or supervision, making them more interdependent activities.
Which patient could safely be cared for by a certified nurse-midwife?
- A. Gravida 3, para 2, with no complications
- B. Gravida 1, para 0, with mild hypertension
- C. Gravida 2, para 1, with insulin-dependent diabetes N R I G B.C M U S N T O
- D. Gravida 1, para 0, with borderline pelvic measurements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient who is Gravida 3, para 2, with no complications can safely be cared for by a certified nurse-midwife. This patient has had two previous pregnancies, both resulting in successful deliveries, and is currently not experiencing any complications. Nurse-midwives are trained to provide care for low-risk pregnancies and deliveries, making this patient an appropriate candidate for their care. Patients with mild hypertension (choice B), insulin-dependent diabetes (choice C), or borderline pelvic measurements (choice D) would likely require additional monitoring and potential intervention beyond the scope of practice of a certified nurse-midwife.
The nurse is educating a 24-year-old female patient who was newly diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The patient was prescribed an antidiabetic medication. Which medication effects should the nurse educate the patient about? Select all that apply.
- A. A period of initial weight gain
- B. A change in her integumentary system
- C. Low blood sugar until her hormones stabilize
- D. Decreased likelihood of pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. A period of initial weight gain: The nurse should educate the patient about the potential for initial weight gain when starting an antidiabetic medication. This can be a common side effect, and it is important for the patient to be aware of it to avoid unnecessary concern. Weight gain may occur due to factors such as fluid retention or changes in metabolism.
Which nursing intervention is an independent function of the professional nurse?
- A. Administering oral analgesics
- B. Requesting diagnostic studies
- C. Teaching the patient perineal care
- D. Providing wound care to a surgical incision
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oral analgesics is an independent function of the professional nurse. Independent nursing interventions are those that a nurse is licensed to initiate based on their knowledge and skills without needing an order from a healthcare provider. Nurses are educated and trained in medication administration, including oral analgesics, and can independently assess the need for and safely administer them within their scope of practice. While requesting diagnostic studies, teaching perineal care, and providing wound care are essential nursing interventions, they typically require some form of healthcare provider's order or supervision, making them more interdependent activities.