Nokea
What structure in the intestine increases surface area?
- A. Villas
- B. Villi
- C. Cilia
- D. Protrusii
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
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The pH in the mouth decreases after eating. Which statement explains the decrease in pH?
- A. Bacteria release acids when respiring food substances.
- B. Enzymes in saliva release acids during digestion.
- C. Food substances become alkaline when chewed.
- D. Salivary glands release an alkaline solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial metabolism of food releases acids, lowering the pH in the mouth.
Which structure is the uppermost part of the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Liver
- C. Cecum
- D. Sigmoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The alimentary canal begins at the mouth, followed by the esophagus, making the esophagus the uppermost structure listed.
Kupffer cells, one of the following is not true:
- A. May contain Hemosiderin granules
- B. Motile within liver blood sinusoids
- C. Phagocytic cells present mainly in space of Disse
- D. Form part of the liver sinusoidal wall
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kupffer cells are phagocytic and part of the sinusoidal wall, but they are in the lumen, not the space of Disse.
Hyperthermic means:
- A. Too cold
- B. Normal
- C. Too hot
- D. Stable
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperthermic refers to an abnormally high body temperature.
What is the name of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
- A. Trachea
- B. Oesophagus
- C. Duodenum
- D. Food tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophagus is the muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. The trachea is for air, the duodenum is part of the small intestine, and 'food tube' is not a scientific term.