Nokea
What technique facilitates lip reading by a hearing-impaired child?
- A. Speak at an even rate.
- B. Avoid using facial expressions.
- C. Exaggerate pronunciation of words.
- D. Repeat in exactly the same way if child does not understand.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Speaking at an even rate aids lip reading by allowing the child to follow lip movements clearly. Avoiding facial expressions, exaggerating pronunciation, or repeating identically can distort visual cues and hinder understanding.
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A father calls the emergency department nurse saying that his daughters eyes burn after getting some dishwasher detergent in them. The nurse recommends that the child be seen in the emergency department or by an ophthalmologist. The nurse also should recommend which action before the child is transported?
- A. Keep the eyes closed.
- B. Apply cold compresses.
- C. Irrigate the eyes copiously with tap water for 20 minutes.
- D. Prepare a normal saline solution (salt and water) and irrigate the eyes for 20 minutes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irrigating the eyes with tap water for 20 minutes immediately flushes out the detergent, minimizing damage. Keeping eyes closed or applying compresses risks further harm, and preparing saline delays critical irrigation.
Secondary prevention for cognitive impairment includes what activity?
- A. Genetic counseling
- B. Avoidance of prenatal rubella infection
- C. Preschool education and counseling services
- D. Newborn screening for treatable inborn errors of metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secondary prevention focuses on early identification and treatment to prevent cerebral damage, such as newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism like hypothyroidism or phenylketonuria. Genetic counseling and rubella prevention are primary prevention, while preschool education is tertiary prevention.
A 2-week-old infant with Down syndrome is being seen in the clinic. His mother tells the nurse that he is difficult to hold, that hes like a rag doll. He doesnt cuddle up to me like my other babies did. What is the nurses best interpretation of this lack of clinging or molding?
- A. Sign of detachment and rejection
- B. Indicative of maternal deprivation
- C. A physical characteristic of Down syndrome
- D. Suggestive of autism associated with Down syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypotonicity and hyperextensibility in Down syndrome cause a rag doll-like posture, making holding difficult. This is a physical characteristic, not detachment, maternal deprivation, or autism, which is not typically associated with Down syndrome at this age.
The school nurse is caring for a child with a penetrating eye injury. Emergency treatment includes what intervention?
- A. Place a cool compress on eye during transport to the emergency department.
- B. Irrigate the eye copiously with a sterile saline solution.
- C. Remove the object with a lightly moistened gauze pad.
- D. Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Applying a Fox shield to the injured eye and a patch to the other eye prevents further injury by minimizing movement. Cool compresses, irrigation, or removing the object risk additional damage to the eye.
The mother of a young child with cognitive impairment asks for suggestions about how to teach her child to use a spoon for eating. The nurse should make which recommendation?
- A. Do a task analysis first.
- B. Do not expect this task to be learned.
- C. Continue to spoon feed the child until the child tries to do it alone.
- D. Offer only finger foods so spoon feeding is unnecessary.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Task analysis breaks down self-feeding into manageable steps, guiding the child to master each component. Expecting the task to be unlearnable is defeatist, continued spoon-feeding delays independence, and finger foods avoid necessary socialization skills.