Nokea
What test involves the nurse instructing the client to avoid eating or drinking until sensation and the gag reflex return, which may take 1 hour or longer?
- A. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
- B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- C. Echocardiography
- D. Cardiac catheterization
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: TEE requires the client to fast until the gag reflex returns to prevent aspiration.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which condition is caused by a bacterium that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Legionnaires' disease
- D. Histoplasmosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This bacterium specifically targets the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In contrast, Pneumonia (B) is commonly caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi affecting the lungs but doesn't specifically spread to other body parts like TB. Legionnaires' disease (C) is caused by Legionella bacteria and primarily affects the lungs, but it does not have the same capability to spread to other body parts like TB. Histoplasmosis (D) is a fungal infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not spread to other parts of the body in the same way as tuberculosis.
The nurse is teaching a client about side effects of ACE inhibitors. What is the most important side effect to monitor?
- A. Cough
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cough. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent, dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation. It is important to monitor for this as it can indicate potential angioedema, a serious adverse effect. Hyperkalemia (B) is a potential side effect but may not be as immediate or common as cough. Hypotension (C) is a common side effect but not as crucial to monitor as cough. Dizziness (D) is a common side effect but not as significant as cough in terms of potential complications.
What procedure is used to visualize the airways and diagnose lung disease?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Thoracentesis
- C. Pulmonary function test
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the airways to visualize and diagnose lung diseases directly. It allows for direct visualization of the airways, collection of samples for biopsy, and removal of obstructions. Thoracentesis (B) is a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space, not for visualizing airways. Pulmonary function test (C) measures lung function but doesn't directly visualize airways. Chest X-ray (D) provides an image of the lungs but doesn't allow for direct visualization or diagnosis of airway diseases.
The most realistic discharge goal for Mrs. G., with a history of compensated congestive heart failure, is
- A. Knowledge of illness and treatment
- B. Absence of signs of congestive failure
- C. Total decompensation for failure
- D. Avoidance of all stress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Achieving stability is a practical goal.
Which chronic condition is characterized by abnormally thickened heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently?
- A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Ventricular hypertrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle.
2. The thickening reduces the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.
3. This leads to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.
4. HCM is a genetic condition that affects the heart's structure.
5. Dilated cardiomyopathy involves the heart becoming enlarged, not thickened.
6. Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to stiffening of the heart muscle.
7. Ventricular hypertrophy is a general term for thickening of the heart's chambers, not the muscle itself.
Summary:
A is correct as HCM matches the description provided. B, C, and D do not align with the specific characteristics of abnormally thickened heart muscle seen in HCM.