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What test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to assess its structure and function?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of the heart's structure and function in real-time. It is a non-invasive and safe diagnostic tool commonly used to assess heart health. MRI (B) uses magnetic fields and radio waves, CT scan (C) uses X-rays, and X-ray (D) uses electromagnetic radiation, but they do not provide the same level of detail and real-time assessment of the heart as an echocardiogram does.
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When administering enoxaparin (Lovenox) to a client, what is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. Platelet count
- B. aPTT
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. INR
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelet count. When administering enoxaparin, the most important lab value to monitor is the platelet count because enoxaparin can cause thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious adverse effect. Monitoring platelet count helps to detect and prevent this complication.
Summary of other choices:
B: aPTT - Enoxaparin does not directly affect aPTT, so monitoring this value is not as critical as platelet count.
C: Hemoglobin - While monitoring hemoglobin may be important for some conditions, it is not the most crucial lab value to monitor when administering enoxaparin.
D: INR - Enoxaparin does not affect the INR, so monitoring this value is not necessary when administering this medication.
Nurse's role in hemodynamic monitoring.
- A. Data collection
- B. Interpretation
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses collect data and interpret findings to guide interventions.
What is a condition where the pulmonary arteries become blocked by a blood clot, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks one of the pulmonary arteries, leading to symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath. This condition is a medical emergency as it can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
B: Pneumothorax is the collapse of the lung due to air leaking into the chest cavity, not caused by a blood clot in the pulmonary arteries.
C: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, causing breathing difficulties, but it is not due to a blood clot in the pulmonary arteries.
D: Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, not caused by a blockage from a blood clot.
In an assessment for intermittent claudication, the cardiac-vascular nurse assesses for leg pain and cramping with exertion, then asks the patient:
- A. Does shortness of breath accompany the leg pain?'
- B. Does this same type of pain occur without activity?'
- C. Is the leg pain relieved by rest?'
- D. Is the leg pain relieved with elevation?'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication pain typically resolves with rest.
What is an acute respiratory infection that inflames the alveoli in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Tuberculosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that specifically inflames the alveoli in the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This condition can affect one or both lungs. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the alveoli. Tuberculosis (C) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not always involve alveoli inflammation. Asthma (D) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, not alveoli inflammation like in pneumonia.