ATI TEAS Science Questions

ATI TEAS Science Questions Related

Review ATI TEAS Science Questions related questions and content

What type of cells compose the epidermis?

  • A. Osteoclasts
  • B. Connective
  • C. Dendritic
  • D. Epithelial
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epithelial. The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells, specifically called keratinocytes, which are responsible for producing keratin, a protein that provides the skin with strength and flexibility. Epithelial cells form the protective outer layer of the skin and play a crucial role in skin repair and regeneration.

Choice A - Osteoclasts are cells involved in bone remodeling, not found in the epidermis.

Choice B - Connective tissue cells are not the primary cells found in the epidermis. They are more commonly found in the dermis, providing structural support and elasticity to the skin.

Choice C - Dendritic cells are part of the immune system and are present in the skin to help recognize pathogens and activate the immune response. However, they are not the main cell type that composes the epidermis.

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Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

  • A. Insulin
  • B. Thyroxine
  • C. Adrenaline
  • D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroxine. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, a hormone essential for regulating metabolism. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' response. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress, not by the thyroid gland.

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

  • A. Smooth muscle
  • B. Cardiac muscle
  • C. Skeletal muscle
  • D. Involuntary muscle
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing for conscious movement of the body. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are both types of involuntary muscles that are not under conscious control. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, functioning involuntarily. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart and contracts involuntarily to pump blood. Involuntary muscle (choice D) is a general term that encompasses smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, which operate involuntarily throughout the body.

Which chamber of the heart is the largest?

  • A. Right atrium
  • B. Left atrium
  • C. Right ventricle
  • D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta, playing a crucial role in the circulatory system. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. However, the left ventricle is the largest chamber and performs the vital function of pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Which valves are part of the heart?

  • A. Tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, aortic
  • B. Aortic, pulmonary, mitral, tricuspid
  • C. Aortic, pulmonary, Erb's point, tricuspid
  • D. Aortic, pulmonic, Erb's point, tricuspid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct valves of the heart are the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral (bicuspid) valves. Choice B correctly lists the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves. Erb's point is not a valve but rather an auscultation point on the chest, making choices C and D incorrect.

Salts like sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium chloride (KCl) use what type of bond?

  • A. Ionic bonds
  • B. Disulfide bridges
  • C. Covalent bonds
  • D. London dispersion forces
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Salts like sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium chloride (KCl) use ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are formed between atoms with significantly different electronegativities, leading to the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. In the case of NaI and KCl, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are metals that easily lose electrons to become positively charged ions, while iodide (I) and chloride (Cl) are nonmetals that readily accept electrons to become negatively charged ions. The attraction between the oppositely charged ions forms the ionic bond, which holds the compound together in a lattice structure. Disulfide bridges (option B) are covalent bonds formed between sulfur atoms in proteins, not in salts. Covalent bonds (option C) involve the sharing of electrons between atoms and are typically seen in molecules, not ionic compounds like salts. London dispersion forces (option D) are weak intermolecular forces that occur between all types of molecules but are not the primary type of bond in salts like NaI and KCl.

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