Nokea
What type of macromolecule is hemoglobin?
- A. Carbohydrate
- B. Lipid
- C. Protein
- D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein. Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids and play a vital role in various biological functions, including the transportation of molecules like oxygen. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are different types of macromolecules that have distinct structures and functions. Carbohydrates are mainly involved in energy storage and structural support, lipids are essential for energy storage and cell membrane structure, and nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
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What is the path of oxygenated blood flow in our body?
- A. From the heart directly to the brain
- B. From the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and out through the aorta
- C. From the body to the right atrium to the lungs
- D. From the left atrium directly to the aorta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and is pumped out through the aorta to the body. This pathway ensures efficient oxygen delivery to the body's tissues and organs. Choice A is incorrect as oxygenated blood does not flow directly from the heart to the brain. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a route from the body to the right atrium and then to the lungs, which is the pathway for deoxygenated blood. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a direct pathway from the left atrium to the aorta, skipping the left ventricle, which is essential for pumping blood to the body.
A child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing. They are an otherwise healthy child with no history of respiratory problems. What might be the issue?
- A. Asthma
- B. Blood clot
- C. Hyperventilation
- D. Exercising too hard
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, where a child complains of heavy breathing even when relaxing and has no history of respiratory problems, the most likely issue is hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is an abnormal breathing pattern where a person breathes in excess of the body's requirements. It can be triggered by stress, anxiety, panic attacks, or lower-than-normal carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Unlike asthma, a blood clot, or exercising too hard, hyperventilation fits the symptoms described and is more common in individuals without a history of respiratory problems.
What are the components of the male external genitalia and their functions?
- A. Prostate gland: produces seminal fluid
- B. Scrotum: protects and maintains the temperature of the testes
- C. Penis: delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
- D. Urethra: conducts urine out of the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The penis is responsible for delivering sperm to the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse. The scrotum is not involved in producing sperm but rather protects and regulates the temperature of the testes, which is essential for sperm production. The prostate gland is involved in producing seminal fluid, not sperm. The urethra serves the purpose of conducting urine out of the body and also acts as a passage for semen during ejaculation.
What macromolecules are formed from amino acids, and what are their roles?
- A. Lipids; store energy
- B. Carbohydrates; provide energy
- C. Proteins; perform various functions like catalysis, transport, and structural support
- D. Nucleic acids; store genetic information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Proteins are macromolecules formed from amino acids and have diverse roles, such as serving as enzymes, transport molecules, and providing structural support. They are essential for catalysis, cellular communication, immune response, and many other functions in living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Lipids are not formed from amino acids but from fatty acids and glycerol, mainly serving as energy storage molecules. Carbohydrates are composed of sugars and provide energy to the body. Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides and store genetic information in cells.
What do large intestines absorb?
- A. Water, sodium, and potassium ions
- B. Proteins and carbohydrates
- C. Water, vitamin K, and bile salts
- D. Vitamins A, D, E, K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The large intestine absorbs water, vitamin K, bile salts, sodium, and chloride ions. It helps in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance, and also plays a role in absorbing certain vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin K. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A, D, E, and K are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.