Nokea
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
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Which hormone remains elevated in the immediate postpartum period of the breastfeeding woman?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Prolactin
- D. Human placental lactogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin levels remain elevated in breastfeeding women into the sixth week after birth.
A nurse is assessing a newborn whose mother had gestational diabetes. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
- A. Hypertonia
- B. Jitteriness
- C. Acrocyanosis
- D. Generalized petechiae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jitteriness is a common sign of neonatal hypoglycemia and should be addressed promptly.
A health care provider performs a clinical breast examination on a woman diagnosed with fibroadenomHow would the nurse explain the defining characteristics of a fibroadenoma?
- A. Inflammation of the milk ducts and glands behind the nipples
- B. Thick, sticky discharge from the nipple of the affected breast
- C. Lumpiness in both breasts that develops 1 week before menstruation
- D. Single lump in one breast that can be expected to shrink as the woman ages
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fibroadenomas are usually solitary lumps that shrink as the woman ages. They are benign and distinct from other conditions like mammary duct ectasia or fibrocystic changes.
In what form do families tend to be the most socially vulnerable?
- A. Married-blended family
- B. Extended family
- C. Nuclear family
- D. Single-parent family
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Single-parent families are more socially and economically vulnerable. They often face challenges such as financial instability, which can affect the growth and development of children in these households.
The nurse is assessing a 33-year-old female patient who comes to the family practice clinic with complaints of excessive menstrual bleeding with bleeding between periods for the past 6 months. The health care provider has performed an endometrial biopsy and has discontinued the patient's oral contraceptives. What is the rationale for this treatment?
- A. This condition is often associated with use of oral contraceptives and may subside upon discontinuation.
- B. This condition is often associated with type 2 diabetes and must be controlled with a different type of birth control.
- C. This condition is often associated with hyperplasia of the endometrial tissue, which is exacerbated with oral contraceptives.
- D. This condition is often associated with ovarian cysts, which are exacerbated with the use of oral contraceptives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct rationale for discontinuing the oral contraceptives in a patient with excessive menstrual bleeding and bleeding between periods is that this condition is often associated with hyperplasia of the endometrial tissue, which can be exacerbated with the use of oral contraceptives. Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition characterized by the abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus, which can lead to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Estrogen contained in oral contraceptives can contribute to this thickening of the endometrial tissue, potentially worsening the patient's symptoms. By discontinuing the oral contraceptives, the provider aims to reduce the estrogen levels in the body, which may help alleviate the symptoms associated with endometrial hyperplasia. An endometrial biopsy is also important in this case to further investigate the underlying cause of the abnormal bleeding.