Nokea
What type of starch is glycogen?
- A. Plant starch
- B. Animal starch
- C. Glucose
- D. Cellulose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glycogen is classified as animal starch, not plant starch. It is the storage form of glucose in animals, primarily found in the liver and muscles. Choice A (Plant starch) is incorrect because glycogen is not derived from plants. Choice C (Glucose) is incorrect as glucose is a monosaccharide and not a type of starch. Choice D (Cellulose) is incorrect as cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, not the same as glycogen.
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One factor that affects rates of reaction is concentration. Which of these statements about concentration is/are correct?
- A. A higher concentration of reactants causes more effective collisions per unit time, leading to an increased reaction rate
- B. A lower concentration of reactants causes fewer effective collisions per unit time, leading to a decreased reaction rate
- C. A higher concentration of reactants causes more effective collisions per unit time, leading to a decreased reaction rate
- D. A higher concentration of reactants causes fewer effective collisions per unit time, leading to an increased reaction rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A higher concentration of reactants causes more effective collisions per unit time, leading to an increased reaction rate. This is because a higher concentration means there are more reactant molecules in a given volume, increasing the likelihood of collisions between them. With more collisions occurring, there is a greater chance of successful collisions leading to the formation of products, hence increasing the reaction rate. Choice B is incorrect as a lower concentration decreases the number of collisions, reducing the reaction rate. Choice C is incorrect as a higher concentration increases collision frequency, which typically results in a higher reaction rate. Choice D is incorrect as a higher concentration usually leads to more collisions, thus increasing the reaction rate.
Which law is expressed by the equation: Ptot = Pa + Pb, where P represents pressure, Ptot is the total pressure, and Pa and Pb are component pressures?
- A. Henry's law
- B. Dalton's law
- C. Boyle's law
- D. Gay-Lussac's law
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dalton's law. Dalton's law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. The equation Ptot = Pa + Pb represents Dalton's law, where Ptot is the total pressure, and Pa and Pb are the component pressures. Choice A, Henry's law, deals with the solubility of gases in liquids. Choice C, Boyle's law, describes the inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature. Choice D, Gay-Lussac's law, states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when volume is constant.
What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid H2SO4?
- A. 4
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfur has an oxidation state of +6. The oxidation state is determined by considering the overall charge of the compound and the known oxidation states of other elements. In this case, hydrogen is typically +1, and oxygen is -2. To balance the charges and match the compound's overall charge of 0, sulfur must have an oxidation state of +6. Choice A (4) is incorrect because it doesn't balance the charges in the compound. Choices C (8) and D (10) are also incorrect as they are not valid oxidation states for sulfur in this compound.
What is defined as the distance between adjacent peaks or adjacent troughs on a wave?
- A. Frequency
- B. Wavenumber
- C. Wave oscillation
- D. Wavelength
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wavelength is correctly defined as the distance between adjacent peaks or adjacent troughs on a wave. It is a crucial characteristic of waves, influencing properties such as color in light waves and pitch in sound waves. By altering the wavelength, significant changes in the wave's perception and attributes can be observed.
Choice A, Frequency, refers to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time and is not related to the distance between peaks or troughs. Choice B, Wavenumber, represents the spatial frequency of a wave in terms of cycles per unit distance, not the distance between adjacent peaks. Choice C, Wave oscillation, does not specifically define the distance between adjacent peaks or troughs but rather the movement of a wave back and forth.
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
- A. Order of increasing atomic number
- B. Alphabetical order
- C. Order of increasing metallic properties
- D. Order of increasing neutron content
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. This organization is based on the number of protons in the nucleus of each element. It provides a systematic way to classify elements and predict their properties. Knowing the atomic number of an element helps determine its placement in the periodic table and its characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is the order of increasing atomic number as it is fundamental to the structure and properties of the elements. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Alphabetical order does not reflect any underlying property of the elements, metallic properties vary across the table, and neutron content alone is not the basis for the arrangement in the periodic table.