Nokea
What type of therapy delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs?
- A. Oxygen therapy
- B. Ventilator therapy
- C. Mechanical ventilation
- D. CPAP therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxygen therapy. This type of therapy delivers high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs to improve oxygen levels in the blood. Ventilator therapy (B) involves mechanical breathing assistance, not just oxygen delivery. Mechanical ventilation (C) is a broader term encompassing various types of mechanical respiratory support beyond just oxygen. CPAP therapy (D) is continuous positive airway pressure used to treat sleep apnea, not specifically for delivering high concentrations of oxygen. Therefore, oxygen therapy is the most direct and specific choice for delivering high concentrations of oxygen to the lungs.
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Which type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles?
- A. Adenocarcinoma
- B. Small cell lung cancer
- C. Squamous cell carcinoma
- D. Mesothelioma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adenocarcinoma. This type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and often affects non-smokers. It is characterized by the growth of glandular cells in the lining of the lungs.
B: Small cell lung cancer typically originates in the bronchi, but it is characterized by small, round cells and tends to grow and spread quickly.
C: Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells lining the airways and is associated with a history of smoking.
D: Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelial cells that line the lungs, not specifically the bronchi or bronchioles. It is commonly linked to asbestos exposure.
The client is on digoxin and has severe digoxin toxicity. What is the nursing priority action?
- A. Check the potassium level.
- B. Give Digibind as an antidote.
- C. Change the dosing of digoxin to every other day.
- D. Administer a potassium supplement to decrease digoxin toxicity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Give Digibind as an antidote. Digibind is the specific antidote for severe digoxin toxicity. It works by binding to the excess digoxin in the body, preventing it from exerting its toxic effects. This action helps to rapidly reduce the digoxin levels in the body and reverse the toxicity. Checking the potassium level (choice A) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing severe toxicity. Changing the dosing of digoxin (choice C) or administering a potassium supplement (choice D) would not address the immediate need to counteract the toxicity. The priority is to administer Digibind to quickly neutralize the digoxin and prevent further harm.
Which of the following is a type of heart attack that occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped?
- A. Myocardial infarction
- B. Angina
- C. Stroke
- D. Congestive heart failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, happens when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to damage or death of the tissue due to lack of oxygen. Angina (B) is chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart but does not cause permanent damage like a heart attack. Stroke (C) is a brain-related condition caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain. Congestive heart failure (D) is when the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body.
What is the term for the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse?
- A. Excitability
- B. Contractility
- C. Rhythmicity
- D. Conductivity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excitability. Excitability refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating a cardiac impulse. This process is essential for the heart to function properly. Contractility (B) is the ability of cardiac muscle to shorten forcibly when stimulated. Rhythmicity (C) refers to the heart's ability to generate a regular rhythm of contractions. Conductivity (D) is the ability of cardiac cells to transmit electrical impulses. Excitability is the most fitting term in this context as it specifically describes the response of cardiac cells to a stimulus.
You make a home visit to evaluate a hypertensive patient who has been taking enalapril (Vasotec) for 3 weeks. Which information indicates that you need to contact the physician about a change in the drug therapy?
- A. Patient complains of frequent urination.
- B. Patient's blood pressure is 138/86.
- C. Patient coughs often during the visit.
- D. Patient complains of occasional dizziness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril, and it may warrant a change in medication.