What type of therapy is 'person-centered' and utilizes a method of communication rather than a set of techniques?
- A. Motivational interviewing
- B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- C. Narrative Therapy
- D. Existential Therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Motivational interviewing. This therapy aligns with the person-centered approach by focusing on empathetic listening, understanding the client's perspective, and fostering self-motivation for change. It emphasizes a collaborative and non-confrontational communication style, allowing clients to explore and resolve ambivalence towards behavior change. The other choices (B: CBT, C: Narrative Therapy, D: Existential Therapy) involve structured techniques and interventions rather than solely relying on communication to facilitate change.
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Your client has a doctor's order for the antihistamine medication diphenhydramine for sleep. What should you do?
- A. Question the order because Benadryl is an antihistamine and not a sleeping medication.
- B. Refuse to give the Benadryl because this medication is a stimulant.
- C. Question the order because Benadryl is contraindicated when the client has a sleep inducement disorder.
- D. Give the Benadryl because sleep inducement is an accepted off label use of this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine (D) is commonly used off-label for sleep.
An alcohol-dependent patient was hospitalized at 0200 today. When would the nurse expect withdrawal symptoms to peak?
- A. Between 0800 and 1000 today (6 to 8 hours after drinking stopped)
- B. Between 0200 tomorrow and hospital day 2 (24 to 48 hours after drinking stopped)
- C. About 0200 on hospital day 3 (72 hours after drinking stopped)
- D. About 0200 on hospital day 4 (96 hours after drinking stopped)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because alcohol withdrawal symptoms typically peak between 24 to 48 hours after the patient stops drinking. This timeframe aligns with the onset of symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, and hallucinations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because withdrawal symptoms do not peak within 6 to 8, 72, or 96 hours after drinking cessation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely during this critical period to manage and prevent potential withdrawal complications.
The theorist who believes human behavior is determined is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Skinner's behaviorism views behavior as environmentally determined.
The nurse is monitoring a patient with AIDS. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to observe in this patient?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Chest pain
- C. Hypertension
- D. Pustular skin lesions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhea. Patients with AIDS commonly experience diarrhea due to opportunistic infections or medications. This can lead to dehydration and malnutrition. Choice B is incorrect because chest pain is not a typical manifestation of AIDS. Choice C is incorrect as hypertension is not a common symptom of AIDS. Choice D is incorrect as pustular skin lesions are not typically associated with AIDS. Monitoring for diarrhea is crucial to prevent complications in AIDS patients.
Professional codes of ethics tend to be constructed on which type of ethical theory?
- A. Utilitarianism: seeking outcomes maximizing positive & minimizing negative change
- B. Virtue theory: considers the motives and intentions of the actor
- C. Ethical decision making model: steps to make an ethical decision
- D. Duty theory: concerned with truth, fairness and keeping promises, vs. consequences
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duty theory underpins many codes, emphasizing obligations like confidentiality and fairness.