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What type of tissue is fat composed of?
- A. Connective
- B. Muscle
- C. Nervous
- D. Epithelial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Connective tissue. Fat tissue, also known as adipose tissue, is a type of connective tissue that stores energy in the form of fat. It provides insulation and serves as a reserve of energy. Muscle tissue (choice B) is responsible for movement, nervous tissue (choice C) transmits electrical signals throughout the body, and epithelial tissue (choice D) covers and protects body surfaces.
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A child is sick. They have a body temperature that exceeds 37Å—C. The body senses this and begins to sweat in order to lower the temperature. What is this an example of?
- A. Positive feedback loop
- B. Negative feedback loop
- C. Both
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This scenario describes a negative feedback loop. In negative feedback, the body's response works to reverse the initial stimulus, in this case, sweating to lower the elevated body temperature. This mechanism helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the body's temperature back to the normal range.
Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?
- A. water
- B. membrane
- C. ATP
- D. gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Water is necessary for cell diffusion because it serves as the medium through which particles move across cell membranes. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and water plays a crucial role in facilitating this process by dissolving molecules and allowing them to move freely. Membranes provide the barrier for diffusion to occur, ATP is not directly involved in the process of diffusion, and a gradient is the difference in concentration that drives diffusion but is not a necessary component for diffusion itself.
In a population of dogs, fur color is controlled by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele shows complete dominance. If a dog has a tan fur phenotype, what is its genotype?
- A. BB
- B. Bb
- C. bb
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a dog displays a tan fur phenotype, it indicates that the dog possesses two tan alleles, represented by the genotype bb. In this case, the dog cannot have any black alleles (B) since the black allele demonstrates complete dominance over the tan allele. Therefore, the correct genotype for a dog with a tan fur phenotype is bb.
Which function does the cellular membrane perform?
- A. Separates the living contents of the cell from the nonliving surrounding environment.
- B. Stores substances such as water, sugars, salts, and toxic materials.
- C. Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
- D. Specializes in converting energy to a form that can be used by a cell.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The cellular membrane performs the function of separating the living contents of the cell from the nonliving surrounding environment. This separation is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and regulating what enters and exits the cell. Choice B is incorrect because storing substances is not the primary function of the cellular membrane. Choice C is incorrect because the nuclear membrane, not the cellular membrane, separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect because the conversion of energy is primarily the role of organelles like mitochondria, not the cellular membrane. Thus, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes the fundamental function of the cellular membrane.
A hypertonic solution has what concentration of solutes compared to the cell?
- A. Same.
- B. Negative.
- C. Lower.
- D. Higher.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: