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What would Merle do to keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing?
- A. Attend training and seminars
- B. All of these
- C. Perform researches
- D. Pursue graduate studies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing, Merle should employ a combination of attending training and seminars, performing researches, and pursuing graduate studies. Attending training and seminars will expose Merle to new information, techniques, and best practices in peri-operative nursing. Performing researches will help Merle stay updated with current developments and evidence-based practices in the field. Pursuing graduate studies will provide Merle with advanced knowledge and skills, allowing for a deeper understanding of peri-operative nursing concepts and practices. By incorporating all of these strategies, Merle can ensure that he remains knowledgeable and competent in his role as a peri-operative nurse.
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A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction should the nurse include in patient education about PPI therapy?
- A. "Take the medication with antacids for enhanced effectiveness."
- B. "Avoid consuming citrus fruits while on PPI therapy."
- C. "Take the medication 30 minutes before meals."
- D. "Report any signs of gastrointestinal bleeding promptly."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be instructed to take the medication 30 minutes before meals. This is because PPIs work best when taken on an empty stomach, allowing them to inhibit the gastric proton pump effectively and reduce acid production in anticipation of food intake. Taking the medication before meals ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness in controlling symptoms of GERD.
A patient presents with a small, painless, well-defined nodule on the lateral aspect of the neck, just above the clavicle. Fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals clusters of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Thyroglossal duct cyst
- B. Branchial cleft cyst
- C. Lymphadenopathy
- D. Parathyroid adenoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The presentation of a small, painless, well-defined nodule on the lateral aspect of the neck, above the clavicle, along with the cytology showing clusters of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm is most indicative of a parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid adenomas are benign tumors derived from the parathyroid gland that can produce excess parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to hyperparathyroidism. The characteristic histology of parathyroid adenomas includes chief cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.
When providing health education to a patient, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
- A. Using complex medical terminology to convey authority.
- B. Speaking quickly to cover more information in less time.
- C. Using clear and simple language to enhance understanding.
- D. Avoiding repetition to prevent boredom.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When providing health education to a patient, using clear and simple language is an essential aspect of effective communication. Medical terminology can be confusing and overwhelming for individuals without a medical background. By using language that the patient can easily understand, you improve their comprehension of the information being conveyed. Speaking quickly or using complex terms can actually hinder communication and may lead to misunderstanding. Clear and simple language helps ensure that the patient fully grasps the information and can make informed decisions about their health.
A postpartum client presents with sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cyanosis. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position
- B. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy
- C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
- D. Assisting with chest physiotherapy to improve ventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, and cyanosis in a postpartum client could be indicative of a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition. Therefore, it is crucial to notify the healthcare provider immediately for further assessment and management. Prompt intervention is essential in this situation to prevent any potential complications and ensure the client receives appropriate care as soon as possible. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position or administering supplemental oxygen therapy may provide temporary relief, but the priority is to seek immediate medical attention. Consulting with the healthcare provider ensures that the client receives the necessary interventions promptly.
A patient with osteoarthritis of the hip undergoes surgical intervention with a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Which postoperative complication should the healthcare team monitor for in the immediate postoperative period?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Delayed wound healing
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Prosthetic joint infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Following total hip arthroplasty (THA), patients are at an increased risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to factors such as immobility, surgery-related vascular damage, and hypercoagulability. DVT refers to the formation of blood clots in the deep veins, typically in the lower extremities. These clots can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of DVT is crucial in the immediate postoperative period to promptly detect and prevent the development of complications such as PE. Common signs of DVT include leg swelling, pain, warmth, and redness. Additionally, healthcare providers may employ preventive measures such as early ambulation, compression stockings, and anticoagulant therapy to reduce the risk of DVT post-THA surgery.