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When a psychiatric technician questions the nurse about comorbidity of eating disorders, which Axis I disorder would the nurse say is most commonly seen in clients with bulimia and anorexia nervosa?
- A. Anxiety disorders.
- B. Depressive disorders.
- C. Dissociative disorders.
- D. Somatoform disorders.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Depressive disorders. Depression is commonly seen in clients with bulimia and anorexia nervosa due to the psychological and emotional struggles associated with these eating disorders. Individuals may experience feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and sadness, contributing to depressive symptoms. This comorbidity is well-documented in clinical research. Anxiety disorders (Choice A), dissociative disorders (Choice C), and somatoform disorders (Choice D) are less commonly associated with eating disorders compared to depressive disorders, making them incorrect choices in this context.
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The expected outcome for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of disturbed thought processes is:
- A. The patient will be safe from injury.
- B. The patient will meet basic biological needs.
- C. The patient will achieve optimum cognitive functioning.
- D. The patient will maintain positive interpersonal relationships.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because disturbed thought processes indicate cognitive impairment. Thus, the expected outcome should focus on improving cognitive functioning to achieve optimal mental clarity and decision-making. Safety (A) is important but not directly related to cognitive improvement. Meeting basic needs (B) and maintaining relationships (D) are important but not the primary focus when the diagnosis is disturbed thought processes. So, the priority is on enhancing cognitive functioning to address the root cause of the issue.
The mother of a teen with an eating disorder tells the nurse, 'Our family is pretty well-adjusted. It's hard for me to imagine what we could have done to have this happen.' The nurse can promote more complete understanding of the etiology of eating disorders by mentioning that young women are also influenced by:
- A. The abundance of nutritious foods available.
- B. The fashion industry's idealization of thinness.
- C. Competition in the workplace.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The fashion industry's idealization of thinness. This is correct because the portrayal of ultra-thin models in the fashion industry can contribute to societal pressure on young women to achieve an unrealistic body image, leading to body dissatisfaction and potentially eating disorders. The other choices are incorrect because option A does not address the societal influences on body image ideals, option C is not directly related to the etiology of eating disorders in young women, and option D is incorrect as the fashion industry can indeed play a significant role in shaping perceptions of beauty and body image.
A patient with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, disorganized type, approaches the nurse and says, "It's beat, it's eat. No room for doom." The nurse can correctly assess this verbalization as:
- A. Neologisms
- B. Clanging
- C. Ideas of reference.
- D. Associative looseness.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clanging. Clanging refers to the association of words based on sound rather than meaning. In this case, the patient's verbalization "It's beat, it's eat. No room for doom" demonstrates a pattern of words that rhyme or have similar sounds but lack coherent meaning. This is characteristic of clanging seen in disorganized schizophrenia. Neologisms (A) are newly created words with unique meanings, which is not evident here. Ideas of reference (C) involve misinterpreting unrelated events as being personally significant, which is not demonstrated in the patient's statement. Associative looseness (D) is a thought disorder where ideas are loosely associated, but the patient's statement does not show this specific feature.
Which of the following criteria can be used to define intellectual disabilities?
- A. Significantly below average intellectual functioning
- B. Impairments in adaptive functioning generally
- C. These deficits should be manifest before the age of 18 -years
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intellectual Disabilities: Defined by below-average intellectual functioning, adaptive impairments, and onset before age 18.
An elderly female client on the mental unit suddenly becomes upset because she can't remember where she is and she says, 'I can't think straight.' The staff has never witnessed this behavior in the client, and this type of complaint is not documented in the nursing history. What is the client most likely experiencing?
- A. Hallucinations
- B. Dementia
- C. Delusions
- D. Delirium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Delirium. Delirium is characterized by sudden onset confusion, disorientation, and impaired cognitive function. In this scenario, the elderly client's sudden confusion and inability to think straight suggest an acute change in mental status, which is indicative of delirium. Delirium is often triggered by underlying medical conditions or medications.
A: Hallucinations involve perceiving things that are not real, which is not described in the scenario.
B: Dementia is a chronic condition with gradual cognitive decline, not sudden onset confusion.
C: Delusions are fixed false beliefs, which are not mentioned in the scenario.
In summary, the client is most likely experiencing delirium due to the sudden onset of confusion and cognitive impairment, which is not consistent with hallucinations, dementia, or delusions.