Nokea
When administering intravenous (IV) fluids the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?
- A. If the patient loses 5% of body fluid
- B. If the patient loses 10% of body fluid
- C. If the patient loses 15% of body fluid
- D. If the patient loses 20% of body fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.
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What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?
- A. Active transport
- B. Oxygenation
- C. Passive transport
- D. Mass movement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Passive transport occurs when the patient inhales oxygen into the lungs, with the oxygen passing by diffusion into the intravascular compartment.
A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours. What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most common cause of metabolic alkalosis is vomiting gastric contents.
The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately 350 mL of water through respiration in the course of a(n) __.
Correct Answer: day
Rationale: Adults lose about 350 mL of water daily through respiration.
What are the three buffer systems of the body?
- A. Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
- B. Respiratory system
- C. Renal system
- D. GI system
- E. Integumentary system
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The bicarbonate/carbonic acid system, the respiratory system, and the renal system are the buffer systems of the body.
Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
- A. 1:5
- B. 1:10
- C. 1:15
- D. 1:20
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.