Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing Test Bank

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When administering spironolactone (Aldactone) to a client who has had a unilateral adrenalectomy, the nurse should instruct the client about which of the following possible adverse effects of the drug?

  • A. Breast tenderness
  • B. Increased facial hair
  • C. Menstrual irregularities
  • D. Hair loss
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist that is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and edema. One of its common side effects is hormonal effects due to its antiandrogenic properties. In women, spironolactone can lead to menstrual irregularities, including amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods) or breakthrough bleeding. Therefore, in a client who has had a unilateral adrenalectomy (removal of one adrenal gland), which can already disrupt hormonal balance, the nurse should educate the client about the potential for menstrual irregularities when taking spironolactone.

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The nurse understands that labyrinthitis is treated primarily with which of the ff. drug categories?

  • A. Antihistamines
  • B. Anti-inflammatories
  • C. Antispasmotics
  • D. Antiemetics
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Labyrinthitis is an inner ear disorder that is often caused by a viral infection. Antihistamines are commonly used in the treatment of labyrinthitis to help reduce symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a chemical in the body that can cause these symptoms. Additionally, antihistamines can help alleviate any associated allergies or inflammation in the inner ear that may be contributing to the condition. Other treatment options for labyrinthitis may include vestibular rehabilitation exercises, antiemetics for nausea and vomiting, and medications to manage dizziness.

A patient has cloudy penile discharge. For which additional symptoms of urethritis should the nurse assess?

  • A. Throat or rectal infection
  • B. Chancres or vesicles on the genitals
  • C. Painful and frequent urination
  • D. Oliguria and flank pain
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cloudy penile discharge is a common symptom of urethritis, which is inflammation of the urethra usually caused by an infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) like gonorrhea or chlamydia. Painful and frequent urination are also classic symptoms of urethritis. Painful urination, or dysuria, may occur due to the irritation and inflammation of the urethra. Frequency of urination can be a result of the body's response to the infection or inflammation. Therefore, assessing for these additional symptoms helps in confirming the diagnosis of urethritis and determining the appropriate treatment for the patient.

A client diagnosed with DIC is ordered heparin. What is the reason for this medication?

  • A. Prevent clot formation
  • B. Increase clot formation
  • C. Increased blood flow to target organs
  • D. Decrease blood flow to target organs
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heparin is a medication commonly used to prevent clot formation in various clinical conditions, including Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). DIC is a serious condition characterized by abnormal blood clotting and bleeding throughout the body. Heparin works by inhibiting the formation of new clots and preventing the existing clots from further growing, thus helping to manage and prevent complications associated with DIC. By using heparin, the aim is to help stabilize the patient's clotting process and reduce the risk of severe complications such as organ damage or failure.

is softening of the bones as result of nutritional deficiencies or limited exposure to sunlight :

  • A. COXA
  • B. scoliosis
  • C. Rickets
  • D. Talipes
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rickets is a condition that involves softening and weakening of the bones in children, usually due to a vitamin D deficiency, inadequate calcium intake, or lack of exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for bone health. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body is unable to properly mineralize the bones, leading to softening and deformities. Common symptoms of rickets include bowed legs, delayed growth, and muscle weakness. Treatment typically involves vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, and adequate exposure to sunlight.

During an ophthalmic assessment, which of the ff are the nurses expected to observe carefully? Choose all that apply

  • A. Level of central vision
  • B. Pupil responses
  • C. External eye appearance
  • D. Eye movements
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During an ophthalmic assessment, the nurses are expected to observe the following carefully:

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