Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Related

Review Reading Comprehension related questions and content

Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be
able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective
area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help
you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly.
When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes
important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to
your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer.
Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence
structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly

When answering subjective questions, the student should:

  • A. Include more than is asked
  • B. Keep it brief and specific
  • C. Write out the words 'true' or 'false'
  • D. Capitalize the matching letters
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When answering subjective questions, it is essential for students to keep their responses brief and specific. This approach helps students focus on the main ideas rather than getting bogged down in unnecessary details. By being concise and to the point, students can effectively convey their understanding of the subject matter without going off track. Additionally, providing a clear and concise response ensures that the student addresses the question directly and does not include irrelevant information, which can lead to a loss of points in subjective assessments.

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Lightning Strikes
The old wives' tale of "Lightning never strikes twice" has been proven untrue time and time again. Lightning forms from negative and positive charges within clouds and from the earth below. When these charges react with each other, the air between the cloud and the earth ionizes, which produces a lightning flash. Lightning is actually a series of multiple events consisting of a leader stroke of lightning, followed by as many as 40 smaller strokes of lightning. Being just split seconds apart, these strokes of lightning often reflect off the lining of the clouds.
Lightning rods that extend from above the roof to the ground protect buildings by forming a low resistance path for the lightning so that the lightning does not enter the building, but rather defuses as it penetrates the ground.
Some myths about lightning need to be explained. Lightning does strike tall buildings often, and during a particularly violent storm, a tall building may be hit by lightning several times. The safest place during a thunder and lightning storm is in a metal car or lying flat, face down, in the open, not under a tree as the myth suggests.
Many people believe that thunder and lightning are connected; however, this proves to be true only about 50% of the time, so if you're waiting for the clap of thunder, you're missing out on some exciting strokes of lightning!
Lightning causes injuries, deaths, and forest fires each year. However, some scientists reveal the positive aspects of lightning because it releases nitrogen into the atmosphere which the raindrops then deliver to earth to fertilize our soil.

When taking cover from lightning, you should:

  • A. Stand under a tree for protection
  • B. Seek shelter in a wooden building
  • C. Get into a metal car, or lie flat on the ground
  • D. Stay outside and continue your activity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During a thunder and lightning storm, the safest course of action is to get into a metal car or lie flat on the ground. Standing under a tree is dangerous as trees can attract lightning. Seeking shelter in a wooden building is also risky as wood is a conductor of electricity. Staying outside and continuing activities during a lightning storm is extremely dangerous and should be avoided at all costs. The metal car or lying flat on the ground provide a path of low resistance for the lightning, reducing the risk of harm.

Foodborne illnesses are contracted by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also cause foodborne illnesses if they have contaminated food during harvesting or processing. Foodborne illnesses can cause symptoms ranging from upset stomach to diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Most foodborne infections are undiagnosed and unreported, though the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that every year about 76 million people in the United States become ill from pathogens in food. About 5,000 of these people die. Harmful bacteria are the most common cause of foodborne illness. Some bacteria may be present at the point of purchase. Raw foods are the most common source of foodborne illnesses because they are not sterile; examples include raw meat and poultry contaminated during slaughter. Seafood may become contaminated during harvest or processing. One in 10,000 eggs may be contaminated with Salmonella inside the shell. Produce, such as spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sprouts, and melons, can become contaminated with Salmonella, Shigella, or Escherichia coli (E. coli). Contamination can occur during growing, harvesting, processing, storing, shipping, or final preparation. Sources of produce contamination vary, as these foods are grown in soil and can become contaminated during growth, processing, or distribution. Contamination may also occur during food preparation in a restaurant or a home kitchen. The most common form of contamination from handled foods is the calicivirus, also called the Norwalk-like virus. When food is cooked and left out for more than two hours at room temperature, bacteria can multiply quickly. Most bacteria don’t produce an odor or change in color or texture, so they can be impossible to detect. Freezing food slows or stops bacteria’s growth but does not destroy the bacteria. The microbes can become reactivated when the food is thawed. Refrigeration also can slow the growth of some bacteria. Thorough cooking is required to destroy the bacteria.

What is the main subject of the passage?

  • A. foodborne illnesses
  • B. the dangers of uncooked food
  • C. bacteria
  • D. proper food preparation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The main subject of the passage is foodborne illnesses, as it extensively covers how they are contracted, symptoms they can cause, common sources of contamination, and preventive measures like thorough cooking. While the text mentions bacteria and proper food preparation as related topics, the primary focus is on foodborne illnesses caused by various contaminants.

ALL THE JAZZ
Jazz has been described as "the art of expression set to music" and "America's great contribution to music." It has served as popular art, enjoying periods of widespread public interest during the "jazz age" of the 1920s, the "swing era" of the late 1930s, and the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard narrative is that jazz originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans before moving up the Mississippi River to cities like Memphis, St. Louis, and finally Chicago. Jazz emerged by blending elements of ragtime, marching band music, and the blues. However, its roots trace back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered the first real jazz musician, emerging around 1891. What sets jazz apart from earlier musical forms is its emphasis on improvisation. Unlike traditional music, where composers write entire pieces on paper for musicians to follow exactly, jazz offers a starting point—a skeletal guide for musicians to improvise around. Many early jazz musicians were poor sight readers, with some unable to read music at all. Consequently, they often struggled to make a living, working menial jobs to survive. The second wave of New Orleans jazz musicians included notable figures like Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These artists formed small bands, built upon earlier styles, and enhanced the music's complexity, achieving greater success. This energetic style became known as "hot jazz" due to its fast tempos and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player named Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. Armstrong went on to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, later emerging as a global star. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early jazz musicians transformed our perception of music.

What is the definition of CONFLUENCE?

  • A. Melding
  • B. Influence
  • C. Intersection
  • D. Coming together
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Confluence refers to the point at which two or more things come together or intersect. In the context of the passage provided, the influences and elements that led to the development of Jazz converged or intersected, creating a unique musical genre. 'Melding' (choice A) refers to blending or merging, 'Influence' (choice B) is the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, and 'Coming together' (choice D) is similar to confluence but lacks the specificity of a point of intersection.

The Rainforest: The Amazon River Basin is home to the largest rainforest on Earth. The basin—roughly the size of the forty-eight contiguous United States—covers some 40% of the South American continent, and portions of eight countries. The basin is drained by the Amazon River, the world’s largest river in terms of discharge, and the second longest river in the world after the Nile.
Since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (232,000 square miles) of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. This deforestation is mainly due to land clearing for pastureland by commercial and speculative interests, misguided government policies, and commercial exploitation of forest resources.
Deforestation of the rainforest has long-term implications. The loss of habitat for many creatures ensures their extinction. The loss of vegetation depletes the oxygen in the atmosphere, which some say causes global warming.

What is the definition of 'habitat' as used in the last paragraph?

  • A. Factor that causes abnormal behavior.
  • B. Rainforest.
  • C. A natural environment where species live and grow normally.
  • D. Environmentally friendly processes.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A natural environment where species live and grow normally. In the context of the paragraph, 'habitat' refers to the natural living environment of various creatures in the rainforest. This definition aligns with the role of a habitat in supporting the life cycles and behaviors of different species.

Rationale:
1. Choice A (Factor that causes abnormal behavior) is incorrect because 'habitat' does not refer to a factor causing abnormal behavior but rather to the natural environment where species live.
2. Choice B (Rainforest) is incorrect because 'habitat' is not synonymous with 'rainforest.' While the rainforest is a specific type of habitat, 'habitat' refers more broadly to any natural environment where species live.
3. Choice D (Environmentally friendly processes) is incorrect because 'habitat' does not relate to environmentally friendly processes but rather to the specific natural surroundings where organisms live and thrive.

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules. This process is fundamental to life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms. The energy is captured from sunlight by a pigment in the plants called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil react in the presence of light to form sugars and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, which is crucial for the survival of most life forms on Earth. The sugars produced are used by the plant for energy and growth, storing excess energy as starch.
The process occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Photosynthesis not only sustains plant life but also maintains the atmospheric oxygen levels and is a key factor in the carbon cycle, helping to regulate Earth's climate.

Which statement best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis?

  • A. They increase the water content in the air
  • B. They are used by plants for energy and growth
  • C. They help to cool the plant leaves
  • D. They attract insects for pollination
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B, 'They are used by plants for energy and growth,' best describes the importance of the sugars produced during photosynthesis. The sugars serve as the primary source of energy for plants, fueling their metabolic processes and providing the necessary building blocks for growth and development. While water content in the air, cooling of plant leaves, and insect attraction are all relevant processes in plants, the primary function of the sugars produced during photosynthesis is to support the plant's energy needs and growth.

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