Nokea
When assessing a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), which of the following would require immediate action by the healthcare provider?
- A. Fatigue and depression
- B. Paresthesia and tremor
- C. Nystagmus and diplopia
- D. Dysphagia and congested cough
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dysphagia and a congested cough indicate potential aspiration risk, which requires immediate intervention to prevent respiratory complications.
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A client has had multiple sclerosis (MS) for 15 years and has received various drug therapies. What is the primary reason why the nurse has found it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs that the client has used?
- A. The client exhibits intolerance to many drugs
- B. The client experiences spontaneous remissions from time to time
- C. The client requires multiple drugs simultaneously
- D. The client endures long periods of exacerbation before the illness responds to a particular drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS is characterized by periods of relapse and remission, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapies due to spontaneous improvements.
In response to the 66-year-old woman with Parkinson's Disease who is experiencing difficulty walking, the charge nurse could offer a supportive and appropriate suggestion to aid in her mobility. The nurse might say:
- A. Using a cane might provide you with the additional support you need while walking.'
- B. If walking becomes too challenging, it's important not to push yourself too hard.'
- C. I can arrange for a wheelchair to help ensure your safety and comfort.'
- D. Focus on walking at a steady, comfortable pace to maintain your mobility.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a cane can provide additional support and stability for PD patients experiencing difficulty walking, reducing the risk of falls.
After a car accident, Rhodri had a lot of difficulty planning his day. This is most likely the result of damage to which lobe?
- A. temporal
- B. parietal
- C. frontal
- D. occipital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions, such as planning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Damage to the frontal lobe, as might occur in a car accident, can impair these abilities, making it difficult for individuals to organize tasks, set goals, or manage time. The frontal lobe also plays a role in personality, social behavior, and motor control, highlighting its importance in complex cognitive processes.
Recovery has progressed smoothly and the nurse is planning with Mr. Hall for discharge. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for Mr. Hall to do?
- A. Maintain bed rest and isometric exercises for the first week following discharge
- B. When sitting, use a deep, soft, easy chair for the first month to cushion the joint while healing continues
- C. Following 2 weeks of exercise at home, he may begin driving the car again
- D. Intermittently sit for short periods followed by short, frequent walks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Short walks promote circulation and healing.
The midbrain
- A. Is largely in the middle cranial fossa
- B. Is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- C. Lies between pons and upper spinal cord
- D. Contains the oculomotor nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei, which control eye movement. It is located between the pons and diencephalon and is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.