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When assessing a woman in her first trimester, which emotional response would the nurse most likely expect to find?
- A. Ambivalence
- B. Emotional lability
- C. Introversion
- D. Acceptance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emotional lability, with mood swings, is common in the first trimester due to hormonal shifts and stress. Ambivalence may occur if unplanned, introversion is a trait, and acceptance develops later.
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While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of:
- A. Trisomy numeric abnormality
- B. Multifactorial inheritance
- C. X-linked recessive inheritance
- D. Chromosomal deletion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21, an extra chromosome 21, a numeric abnormality. Multifactorial inheritance involves genes and environment, X-linked affects males primarily, and deletions miss chromosome parts, none fitting Down syndrome.
Which information on a client's health history would the nurse identify as contributing to the client's risk for an ectopic pregnancy?
- A. Recurrent pelvic infections
- B. Ovarian cyst 2 years ago
- C. Use of oral contraceptives for 8 years
- D. Heavy, irregular periods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recurrent pelvic infections (e.g., PID) scar fallopian tubes, increasing ectopic pregnancy risk by hindering egg transport. Ovarian cysts, oral contraceptives (which reduce risk), and irregular periods don't directly contribute.
A pregnant client in her second trimester has a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. The nurse interprets this as indicating
- A. Hemodilution of pregnancy
- B. A multiple gestation pregnancy
- C. Greater-than-expected weight gain
- D. Iron-deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemodilution of pregnancy occurs as plasma volume increases more than red blood cell mass, lowering hemoglobin to 10.5-14 g/dL in the second trimester, which includes 11 g/dL. Multiple gestation may raise hemoglobin, weight gain doesn't affect it, and iron-deficiency anemia typically shows lower hemoglobin with symptoms like fatigue.
A pregnant client in her second trimester has a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. The nurse interprets this as indicating:
- A. Hemoconcentration by hypertension
- B. A multiple gestation pregnancy
- C. Greater-than-expected weight gain
- D. Iron-deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemoglobin of 11 g/dL is low for the second trimester (10.5-14 g/dL), suggesting iron-deficiency anemia, especially with symptoms like fatigue. Hemoconcentration raises hemoglobin, multiple gestation lowers it slightly, and weight gain is unrelated.
A nurse is planning a presentation about HIV for a church-based group. Which of the following information about HIV transmission should the nurse include?
- A. It is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes.
- B. It is primarily transmitted through accidental puncture wounds.
- C. It is primarily transmitted through casual contact.
- D. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV spreads mainly through direct contact with infected fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid), like during sex or needle sharing. Mosquitoes, casual contact, and puncture wounds (rare) aren't primary modes.