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When assessing for anorexia nervosa, the nurse would anticipate finding what characteristic(s)? Select all that apply.
- A. Is overweight
- B. Good academics
- C. Underachiever
- D. Teenage girl
- E. Wears tight-fitting clothes
- F. Social eater
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsession for thinness that is achieved through self-starvation. It occurs more often in girls between the ages of 12 to 18 years and continues into adulthood. They are often high achievers and perfectionists. Many conceal their starvation by eating alone, disposing of food, and dressing in oversized, bulky clothing.
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A nurse explains to the client that which of the following is a healthy BMI range?
- A. 7 to 16
- B. 16 to 18.5
- C. 18.5 to 24.9
- D. 25 to 32
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A healthy BMI is 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI of 7 to 16 is categorized as anorectic. A BMI of 16 to 18 is considered underweight. A BMI of 25 to 32 is classified as overweight to obese.
The nurse is providing a teaching seminar to a group of teenagers on the subject of healthy eating. A scale is used to calculate body mass index (BMI) for each individual participant. A participant asks the nurse if a BMI of 25 is normal.
- A. A BMI of 25 is normal.
- B. The BMI formula does not include ratio of fat to muscle mass.
- C. BMI is just one tool for healthy lifestyle.
- D. Keeping your BMI below 30 is ideal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The healthy interpretation of BMI ranges from 18.5 to 24.9. Knowing that teenagers are very susceptible to eating disorders and desire for thinness, the nurse takes the focus off the number (25) and addresses healthy lifestyle. BMI is only one tool used for anthropometric data collection. Ratio of fat to lean muscle mass is not included in BMI. A BMI of 30 is indicative of obesity and would not be considered ideal.
A teenage client has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. What is a complication of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Damaged tooth enamel
- B. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- C. Premature osteoporosis
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low levels of serum estrogen also lead to osteopenia (low bone mass) and premature osteoporosis (severe demineralization of bones), both of which result in stress fractures, particularly of the spine and hips. Erosion of tooth enamel and fluid and electrolyte imbalance are related to bulimia nervosa. Constipation, not diarrhea, is associated with anorexia nervosa.
A teenager who is attending a clinic for eating disorders has shown improvement in weight, but the laboratory values remain poor. Which behavior would the nurse identify as the likely cause of this finding?
- A. Pushing food around the plate
- B. Inducing vomiting after meals
- C. Drinking water before weighing
- D. Disposing of food
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drinking large volumes of water prior to being weighed is manipulative behavior that is likely the cause of improved weight without improved laboratory values. Pushing food around the plate to distort amount of food eaten, inducing vomiting, and disposing of food are all forms of manipulation but would not account for improvement of weight.
The nurse is differentiating between anorexia and bulimia. What clinical manifestation would correlate with anorexia?
- A. Frequent weight fluctuations
- B. Amenorrhea
- C. Swelling of the parotid glands
- D. Irregular menses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients diagnosed with anorexia may have amenorrhea. Clients with bulimia nervosa exhibit weight fluctuations, swelling of the parotid glands, and irregular menses.