Nokea
When assessing older adult clients for malnutrition at an adult day care center, which risk factors should the nurse consider?
- A. Dental problems
- B. Depression
- C. Both A and B
- D. Ability to prepare meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. Dental problems and depression are both significant risk factors for malnutrition in older adults. Dental problems can lead to difficulty in chewing and swallowing, resulting in reduced food intake. On the other hand, depression can cause changes in appetite and decreased interest in eating, which can also contribute to malnutrition. Although the ability to prepare meals is important, it is not specifically identified as a risk factor for malnutrition within the context of this question. Therefore, choices A and B are the most appropriate answers.
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Which food would benefit an anemic patient by increasing their intake?
- A. Beef
- B. Apples
- C. White bread
- D. Fish
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An anemic patient would benefit from increasing their intake of beef. Beef is an excellent source of heme iron, which is critical for treating anemia. Heme iron is absorbed more readily by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Apples and white bread, while healthy, do not contain significant amounts of heme iron. Fish, although it does contain iron, it's non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed by the body as heme iron, hence less effective in treating anemia.
Which food is a reliable source of B12 for a pregnant vegan client?
- A. Soybeans
- B. Algae
- C. Fortified soy milk
- D. Sea vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fortified soy milk is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for pregnant vegan clients as it is usually enriched with this vitamin. The other options, while nutritious, are not reliable sources of B12 for vegans. Soybeans may not provide enough B12, algae contains B12 analogs that the human body cannot utilize, and the B12 content in sea vegetables can fluctuate, potentially not providing the necessary daily intake.
In conducting a cleansing enema, how does the nurse position the client?
- A. Right lateral position
- B. Left lateral position
- C. Right Sim's position
- D. Left Sim's position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In preparing a patient for a cleansing enema, the nurse typically positions the patient in the left lateral position. This position allows for the best flow of the solution due to the anatomical configuration of the colon. The right lateral position, right Sim's position, and left Sim's position are not typically used for this procedure. The rationale provided initially is incorrect as it pertains to lung expansion and postural drainage, which are not relevant to a cleansing enema procedure.
Which of the following is a normal change observed in an elderly individual?
- A. Enhanced sense of taste
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Frequent urination
- D. Lens thinning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, frequent urination. As people age, they may experience physiological changes that can lead to an increased frequency of urination. This is due to a decrease in bladder capacity and increased bladder irritability, which are normal age-related changes. On the contrary, the sense of taste (Choice A) and appetite (Choice B) often decrease with age, not increase. As for Choice D, the lens of the eye actually thickens with age, not thins, leading to conditions like presbyopia. Therefore, Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
Which food items should be consumed with nonheme iron to increase its absorption, according to a nurse's education plan for clients?
- A. Kiwi
- B. Strawberries
- C. Coffee
- D. Kiwi and Strawberries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kiwi and Strawberries. Both of these fruits are high in vitamin C, a nutrient known to enhance the absorption of nonheme iron. Vitamin C facilitates the conversion of nonheme iron into a form that is more readily absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing iron intake. In contrast, coffee (Choice C) contains certain compounds that can actually inhibit the absorption of iron, making it a less desirable choice when the goal is to increase iron absorption. Consequently, Choices A (Kiwi), B (Strawberries), and C (Coffee) were specifically picked to highlight the varying effects of different food items on nonheme iron absorption.