basic geriatric nursing 6th edition test bank

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When assessing the health status of super-centenarians in a long-term care facility, which statement is most accurate regarding their general capabilities?

  • A. A significant number of super-centenarians are dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities.
  • B. Many super-centenarians exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age.
  • C. The majority of super-centenarians are unable to engage in social activities due to health limitations.
  • D. Most super-centenarians experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because super-centenarians, who are individuals aged 110 years or older, often exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age. This is supported by research showing that many super-centenarians maintain physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to perform daily activities without significant assistance. This statement aligns with the concept of successful aging, where individuals maintain autonomy and independence in later years.

Option A is incorrect because a significant number of super-centenarians are not dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities. Option C is incorrect as many super-centenarians can still engage in social activities despite health limitations. Option D is incorrect as most super-centenarians do not experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.

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The nurse is performing an assessment on an older client. What would indicate a potential complication associated with the skin?

  • A. Crusting
  • B. Wrinkling
  • C. Thinning/loss of elasticity
  • D. Crusting
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crusting. Crusting on the skin of an older client can indicate a potential complication such as an infection or skin condition. It suggests that there may be an issue with the skin's integrity, leading to the formation of crusts. Wrinkling (B) and thinning/loss of elasticity (C) are common age-related changes and not necessarily indicative of a complication. Choice D is a duplicate of choice A, so it is incorrect. In summary, crusting is a sign of a potential skin complication, while the other choices are more likely to be normal age-related changes.

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of delirium in older adults?

  • A. It is caused by an acute inflammatory response to infection.
  • B. It results from reversible metabolic changes, such as electrolyte imbalances.
  • C. It is primarily related to neurodegeneration in the brain.
  • D. It is caused by chronic stress responses and cortisol overproduction.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Delirium in older adults results from reversible metabolic changes, such as electrolyte imbalances. Delirium is a multifactorial condition often triggered by physiological imbalances, including electrolyte disturbances. These imbalances can disrupt normal brain function, leading to confusion and cognitive impairment. Other choices are incorrect: A is more typical of sepsis, C is more associated with conditions like dementia, and D is not a primary cause of delirium.

Primary prevention for older adults includes:

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: Regular physical activity and healthy diet

Rationale:
1. Regular physical activity helps maintain cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and balance in older adults, reducing the risk of falls and chronic diseases.
2. A healthy diet provides essential nutrients for overall health and helps prevent conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
3. Both components are key in primary prevention by promoting overall well-being, reducing the risk of age-related health issues, and enhancing quality of life.

Incorrect Choices:
A: Annual health screenings - While important for early detection, screenings alone do not prevent health issues.
B: Social isolation prevention programs - Important for mental health, but not primary prevention.
C: Routine medication management - Important for managing existing conditions, not primary prevention.
D: Memory enhancement exercises - Beneficial for cognitive health but not primary prevention for physical health issues in older adults.

Intra-renal renal failure can be caused by all of the following conditions except______

  • A. certain aminoglycoside antibiotics
  • B. glomerulonephritis
  • C. kidney stones
  • D. diabetic or hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: kidney stones. Intra-renal renal failure refers to damage within the kidney itself. Kidney stones mainly affect the urinary tract rather than directly causing damage within the kidney. A: certain aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause intra-renal renal failure by damaging the kidney tubules. B: glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, leading to intra-renal renal failure. D: diabetic or hypertensive nephrosclerosis can cause intra-renal renal failure due to long-term damage to the kidney's blood vessels and structures.

An older patient worries that simple tasks, like balancing a checkbook, take longer. How should the nurse respond?

  • A. “Normal brain changes with aging slow central processing, so don’t worry.”
  • B. “This is abnormal and needs immediate physician evaluation.”
  • C. “Changes in brain function lead to decreased intellectual performance.”
  • D. “Any change in function is concerning and needs evaluation.”
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Acknowledge patient's concern.
Step 2: Educate on normal aging changes affecting cognitive function.
Step 3: Reassure patient that slight delays in tasks are common.
Step 4: Encourage healthy habits to support cognitive function.
Step 5: Emphasize the importance of monitoring any significant changes.

Summary:
Choice A is correct as it addresses the concern, educates on normal aging changes, reassures the patient, and provides guidance on monitoring. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either suggest immediate evaluation without considering normal aging changes or provide inaccurate information about brain function in aging.

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