Nokea
When collecting evidence from a rape victim, the victim's clothing is removed and placed in a
- A. paper bag .
- B. Plastic bag
- C. Ziploc bag
- D. Trash bag
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When collecting evidence from a rape victim, it is important to handle the victim's clothing properly to preserve any potential evidence. The preferred method is to remove the clothing and place them in a paper bag. Paper bags are used in order to prevent the alteration or degradation of any DNA evidence that may be present on the clothing. Paper bags allow the clothing to breathe and prevent the growth of mold or other contaminants that can occur in plastic bags or trash bags. Additionally, paper bags help preserve trace evidence such as fibers or hairs that may be crucial in the investigation of the case. It is essential to handle and store the clothing correctly to maintain the integrity of the evidence for the investigation and potential prosecution.
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A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with pruritus, pale skin, and easy bruising. Laboratory findings reveal anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Uremic encephalopathy
- B. Uremic pericarditis
- C. Uremic bleeding diathesis
- D. Uremic neuropathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The given patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is likely experiencing uremic bleeding diathesis. Uremic bleeding diathesis is a complication of CKD characterized by abnormal platelet function, leading to a tendency for bleeding. The presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), pale skin, easy bruising, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are all consistent with uremic bleeding diathesis.
A nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric (NG) tube feeding for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize before initiating tube feeding?
- A. Verifying the NG tube placement by auscultating for bowel sounds
- B. Securing the NG tube to prevent dislodgement during feeding
- C. Checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents
- D. Elevating the head of the bed to a semi-Fowler's position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents before initiating tube feeding. This is important to ensure that the NG tube is in the correct position and that it is functioning properly. By aspirating gastric contents, the nurse can confirm that the tube is in the stomach and not in the lungs or surrounding tissues. If no gastric contents are obtained upon aspiration, it may indicate that the tube is not properly placed or may be occluded, which would require further assessment and intervention before proceeding with tube feeding. Checking the patency of the NG tube is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of enteral nutrition delivery.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's encephalopathy?
- A. Administer lactulose or other ammonia-lowering agents.
- B. Perform liver transplantation to restore liver function.
- C. Initiate enteral nutrition to support metabolic needs.
- D. Prescribe benzodiazepines for sedation and agitation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The healthcare team should prioritize administering lactulose or other ammonia-lowering agents to manage hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with acute liver failure. Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in patients with liver dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of ammonia and other neurotoxic metabolites in the bloodstream. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, which promotes the conversion of ammonia to ammonium, a less toxic form that can be excreted in the stool. By reducing the levels of ammonia, lactulose helps improve the neurological symptoms associated with hepatic encephalopathy.
A postpartum client who delivered vaginally expresses concern about feeling "heavy" in the perineal area. What education should the nurse provide to address this sensation?
- A. Encourage the client to perform Kegel exercises regularly.
- B. Recommend the use of perineal pads for additional support.
- C. Educate the client about the process of uterine involution.
- D. Suggest the use of a perineal support garment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sensation of feeling "heavy" in the perineal area postpartum is a common concern due to the stretching and potential trauma to the perineal muscles during childbirth. Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can help alleviate this sensation of heaviness. By encouraging the client to perform Kegel exercises regularly, the nurse is promoting the restoration and strengthening of the perineal muscles, ultimately helping the client feel more comfortable and supported in that area. This education empowers the client to take an active role in their own recovery and promotes optimal healing postpartum.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root?
- A. Gingivitis
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is a condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the soft tissues surrounding the apex of a tooth root. This infection can result from untreated dental decay, trauma to the tooth, or periodontal disease. The abscess can cause pain, swelling, redness, and even pus formation. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, removing the source of infection, and possibly prescribing antibiotics to address the infection. If left untreated, a dental abscess can lead to serious complications and spread to other parts of the body.