Nokea
. The patient with nephrotic syndrome is ordered corticosteroids. Who of the following are NOT ALLOWED in the patient's
- A. Parents with diabetes.
- B. Relatives with upper respiratory tract infection.
- C. Visitors with mild asthma.
- D. Personnel with allergy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with nephrotic syndrome who are ordered corticosteroids need to avoid close contact with individuals who have infections or illnesses, as corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infections. Therefore, it is important to prioritize the safety and well-being of the patient by minimizing potential sources of infection. While diabetes itself does not pose a direct risk to the patient with nephrotic syndrome, individuals with diabetes may have a compromised immune system or be at higher risk for infections, which could potentially be transmitted to the patient. This precaution helps to minimize the risk of infection and maximize the effectiveness of the treatment for nephrotic syndrome.
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A woman in active labor is experiencing persistent occiput posterior position despite position changes. What nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate fetal rotation?
- A. Encourage the mother to remain in a side-lying position.
- B. Assist the mother into a hands-and-knees position.
- C. Administer intravenous oxytocin to augment contractions.
- D. Perform manual rotation of the fetus during vaginal examination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate fetal rotation in a woman experiencing persistent occiput posterior position is to assist the mother into a hands-and-knees position. This position can help encourage the baby to rotate into the optimal occiput anterior position for delivery. By being on her hands and knees, gravity can assist in aiding the rotation of the baby. This position can also help relieve pressure on the mother's back and potentially reduce discomfort during labor. Additionally, hands-and-knees position can help open up the pelvis and create more space for the baby to turn. It is a non-invasive and generally well-tolerated intervention to promote fetal rotation in labor.
While the nurse is taking yhe blood pressure, the patient suddenly stated."They are talking about me!". She was referring to other patients who were waiting for their consultation. Which of the following should be the APPROPRIATE nursing action?
- A. Present the reality situation
- B. Distract patient's attention
- C. Disagree with the patient
- D. Validate the statement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate nursing action in this situation would be to distract the patient's attention. When a patient perceives that others are talking about them, it may indicate feelings of paranoia or anxiety. It's important to help the patient refocus on something else to alleviate their distress. Distracting the patient's attention can help calm them down and allow the blood pressure measurement to proceed smoothly. This approach respects the patient's feelings and helps manage the situation effectively.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response?
- A. NK cells directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
- B. NK cells produce antibodies against pathogens.
- C. NK cells present antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.
- D. NK cells release cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.
Which is the MOST appropriate intervention should the nurse do to help family perform the health tasks?
- A. Allow family to decide to use health resources
- B. Help the family recognize the problem
- C. Leave the family what action take on their problem
- D. Refer family to barangay offficials for guidance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Helping the family recognize the problem is the most appropriate intervention to assist them in performing health tasks. By recognizing the problem, the family can better understand the need for action and be motivated to take steps to address it. This intervention enables the family to become more engaged in their healthcare decision-making process and enhances their ability to effectively manage their health tasks. It empowers them to seek appropriate health resources and make informed choices in promoting their health and well-being. Ultimately, by acknowledging the problem, the family is better equipped to initiate positive changes and improve their overall health outcomes.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of quality improvement that the medical director is interested in?
- A. The leader is the empowerer
- B. Problem-solving is by everyone
- C. The employees are treated as customers
- D. Reacts to correct or bad situation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Quality improvement focuses on proactive measures rather than reactive responses. The medical director would be more interested in establishing processes and systems that prevent issues from occurring in the first place, rather than just reacting to problems as they arise. Continuous improvement involves identifying problems, analyzing root causes, and implementing long-term solutions to prevent the issues from recurring. Therefore, reacting to correct or bad situations is not a characteristic of quality improvement that the medical director would prioritize.