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When considering virtue ethics, which of the following is true?
- A. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules.
- B. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences.
- C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
- D. Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because virtue ethics focuses on developing moral character rather than following strict rules. Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating good habits and virtues to guide behavior. This approach values the inherent qualities of a person rather than relying on external rules or consequences. Option A is incorrect as virtue ethics does not rely on fixed moral rules. Option B is incorrect as virtue ethics does not base behavior solely on knowledge of consequences. Option D is incorrect as virtue ethics does not provide a formal statement of rules but rather encourages individuals to embody virtuous traits.
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A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
- A. Lispro (Humalog)
- B. Glargine (Lantus)
- C. Detemir (Levemir)
- D. NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lispro (Humalog). Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is ideal for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy because it mimics the body's natural insulin response after a meal, providing quick and effective blood sugar control. Lispro has a rapid onset of action, peaks quickly, and has a shorter duration of action compared to other types of insulin. This makes it suitable for covering the rise in blood sugar levels that occurs after meals.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
C: Detemir (Levemir) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
D: NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset and longer duration of action, making it less suitable for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy.
What is the major difference between managers and leaders?
- A. Leaders usually have legitimate power.
- B. Leaders do not necessarily make good managers.
- C. Managers are not always leaders.
- D. Managers always have legitimate power.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because managers always have legitimate power. This is due to their formal position within an organization, giving them the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the work of subordinates. This power is typically designated by the organization's hierarchy and structure.
Choice A is incorrect because leaders can possess different types of power, such as referent or expert power, not just legitimate power.
Choice B is incorrect because while leaders and managers have distinct roles, some individuals can excel in both capacities.
Choice C is incorrect because managers are expected to exhibit leadership qualities in addition to their managerial responsibilities.
Which of the following can cause negative effects on decision making among groups?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Groupthink
- C. Risky shift
- D. Dialectical inquiry
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Groupthink can cause negative effects on decision making among groups as it involves prioritizing harmony and conformity over critical evaluation of alternatives. This can lead to group members suppressing dissenting opinions and making hasty decisions without considering all perspectives. Rationalization, risky shift, and dialectical inquiry do not specifically focus on the negative impact of group dynamics on decision making like groupthink does.
What is the primary purpose of a patient-centered medical home (PCMH)?
- A. To coordinate all aspects of patient care
- B. To reduce healthcare costs
- C. To implement the latest clinical guidelines
- D. To provide financial incentives for providers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is to coordinate all aspects of patient care (Choice A). This model aims to improve patient outcomes by ensuring comprehensive and coordinated care that meets the individual's needs. PCMH focuses on enhancing patient-provider communication, care coordination, and patient engagement to deliver high-quality care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while PCMH may indirectly contribute to reducing healthcare costs and implementing clinical guidelines, the main focus is on improving patient care coordination and quality outcomes. Providing financial incentives for providers is not the primary purpose of PCMH, but rather a potential outcome of improved care coordination.
1. To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually (select one that doesn't apply)?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Chest x-ray
- D. Urine for microalbuminuria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for correct answer (C):
1. Chest x-ray is not routinely recommended for monitoring complications of type 2 diabetes.
2. Annual blood pressure monitoring is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
3. Serum creatinine test helps evaluate kidney function, which is often impaired in diabetes.
4. Urine microalbuminuria test detects early signs of kidney damage, common in diabetes.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Blood pressure monitoring is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetes.
B: Serum creatinine test is important for evaluating kidney function in diabetic patients.
D: Urine microalbuminuria test helps detect early kidney damage in diabetes.