Nokea
When describing the actions of upper respiratory system drugs, a nursing instructor explains that which of the following exerts its effect by increasing the production of secretions, thereby decreasing the viscosity? Select all that apply.
- A. Benzonatate
- B. Guaifenesin
- C. Codeine
- D. Potassium iodide
- E. Dextromethorphan
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Benzonatate and potassium iodide are expectorants, which increase the production of secretions, thus making the secretions less viscous. Guaifenesin, codeine, and dextromethorphan are antitussives, which suppress cough.
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After administering an antitussive, the nurse would continue to assess which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart sounds
- B. Lung sounds
- C. Frequency of cough
- D. Therapeutic effect
- E. Pain assessment
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Vital signs, lung sounds, therapeutic effect including frequency of cough, and assessment of pain should be part of the ongoing client assessment. Auscultation of heart sounds is not part of the ongoing client assessment.
The nurse is preparing to administer a drug that acts by reducing the swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction. Which of the following might the nurse be administering? Select all that apply.
- A. Loratadine
- B. Guaifenesin
- C. Dextromethorphan
- D. Phenylephrine
- E. Oxymetazoline
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Phenylephrine and oxymetazoline are decongestants that reduce swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction. Loratadine is an antihistamine, guaifenesin is an expectorant, and dextromethorphan is a centrally acting antitussive.
A nursing instructor is describing the advantages of using a second-generation antihistamine over a first-generation antihistamine. Which of the following would the instructor most likely include? Select all that apply.
- A. Less sedation
- B. Fewer anticholinergic effects
- C. Less nausea
- D. Can be used during pregnancy
- E. Can be used during lactation
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Second-generation antihistamines cause less sedation and fewer anticholinergic effects because they selectively bind to peripheral rather than central H1 receptors. Some first-generation antihistamines can be used as antiemetics. Use of any antihistamine is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
A nurse is assigned to care for a client with a nonproductive cough. The client has been prescribed codeine sulfate. The nurse understands that this drug is contraindicated in which client?
- A. Client with head injury
- B. Client with COPD
- C. Premature infant
- D. Clients with asthma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Codeine sulfate is contraindicated in premature infants. Codeine sulfate should be used cautiously in clients with head injury, COPD, and asthma.
The nurse understands that codeine-containing antitussives should be used cautiously in clients with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Convulsive disorders
- C. Prostatic hypertrophy
- D. Hyperlipidemia
- E. Type 2 diabetes
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Codeine-containing antitussives should be used cautiously during pregnancy and labor and in clients with COPD, acute asthma attacks, pre-existing respiratory disorders, acute abdominal conditions, head injury, increased intracranial pressure, convulsive disorders, hepatic or renal impairment, and prostatic hypertrophy.