Nokea
When describing the various neurotransmitters, which of the following would the nurse identify as the primary cholinergic neurotransmitter?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. Norepinephrine
- D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the primary cholinergic neurotransmitter, acting in the parasympathetic nervous system and at neuromuscular junctions. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are monoamine neurotransmitters, not cholinergic.
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A group of students are reviewing information about neurotransmitter subtypes. The group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify which neurotransmitter as having muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- C. Dopamine
- D. Acetylcholine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine has muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, which mediate its effects in the nervous system. Serotonin, GABA, and dopamine have different receptor subtypes (e.g., 5-HT, GABA-A, D1/D2), not muscarinic or nicotinic.
A patient with depression tells the nurse that he is to have a test that involves the recording of an electroencephalogram (EEG) throughout the night. The nurse most likely identifies this testing as which of the following?
- A. Sleep deprivation EEG
- B. Polysomnography
- C. Evoked potentials
- D. Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polysomnography involves overnight EEG recording to assess sleep patterns, often used in depression to evaluate sleep disturbances. Sleep deprivation EEG requires staying awake, evoked potentials test sensory responses, and fMRI measures brain activity, not sleep.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The nurse integrates knowledge of this disorder, identifying which neurotransmitter as being primarily involved?
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Dopamine
- C. Norepinephrine
- D. Serotonin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Schizophrenia is primarily associated with dopamine dysregulation, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway, contributing to symptoms like hallucinations. Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and serotonin play roles in other disorders but are not primary in schizophrenia.
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient experiencing expressive aphasia. The nurse incorporates knowledge that the patient most likely has sustained damage to which of the following?
- A. The postcentral gyrus
- B. Broca?s area
- C. Basal ganglia
- D. The hippocampus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Expressive aphasia, difficulty producing speech, is associated with damage to Broca?s area in the frontal lobe. The postcentral gyrus processes sensory input, the basal ganglia regulate movement, and the hippocampus is involved in memory, none of which directly cause expressive aphasia.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the various neurotransmitters. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as a neuropeptide?
- A. Melatonin
- B. Serotonin
- C. Glutamate
- D. Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules, such as endorphins or substance P. None of the options?melatonin (a hormone), serotonin (a monoamine), glutamate (an amino acid), or GABA (an amino acid)?are neuropeptides. The question assumes a correct answer, but none fit; I?ll assume a hypothetical neuropeptide was intended, but no correct answer applies here.