Certified Pediatric Nurse Exam Practice Questions

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When evaluating a client's response to fluid replacement therapy, the observation that indicates adequate tissue perfusion to vital organ is;

  • A. Urinary output of 30 ml in an hour
  • B. Central venous pressure reading of 2 cm H20
  • C. Pulse rates of 120 and 110 in a 15- minute period
  • D. Blood pressure readings of 50/30 and 70/40 mm Hg within 30 minutes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The observation that indicates adequate tissue perfusion to vital organs is a urinary output of 30 ml in an hour. Adequate tissue perfusion is essential to ensure that vital organs receive enough blood and oxygen. Monitoring urinary output is a crucial indicator of perfusion status, as it reflects the perfusion of the kidneys. A urinary output of at least 30 ml/hour or more indicates that the kidneys are receiving sufficient blood flow and are able to produce urine, which helps in removing waste products from the body. In this case, a urinary output of 30 ml in an hour suggests adequate tissue perfusion to vital organs. The other options do not directly reflect tissue perfusion to vital organs and may indicate inadequate perfusion or compromised hemodynamic status.

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The staff nurse in a regional hospital is aware that a dose of parenteral ampicillin must be administered within how many hours after it has been mixed?

  • A. 1 hour
  • B. 4 hours
  • C. 2 hours
  • D. 8 hours
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct administration time frame for a dose of parenteral ampicillin after it has been mixed is within 4 hours. This is based on the stability and compatibility of ampicillin when it is mixed and prepared for injection. Beyond 4 hours, the effectiveness and safety of the medication may be compromised due to potential degradation or contamination. It is crucial for healthcare providers to adhere to the recommended administration time frame to ensure the patient receives the full therapeutic benefits of the medication and to prevent any negative outcomes associated with the degradation of the drug.

A 7 year old boy came to OPD with history of difficulty in rising up from sitting position. Examination reveals hypertrophy of calf muscles with trendelenburg gait. The most likely diagnosis is:

  • A. Becker's muscular dystrophy
  • B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  • C. Myotonic muscular dystrophy
  • D. Cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy typically presents in early childhood with difficulty rising from a seated position (Gower's sign), calf muscle hypertrophy, and Trendelenburg gait.

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should anticipate the administration of:

  • A. insulin.
  • B. poatassium chloride.
  • C. furosemide (Lasix)
  • D. vasopressin (Pitressin).
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to excessive urination and extreme thirst. The main treatment for diabetes insipidus is the administration of vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH). Vasopressin helps the kidneys retain water, reduce urine output, and stabilize the body's fluid balance. Therefore, in caring for a client with diabetes insipidus, the nurse should anticipate the administration of vasopressin to help manage the symptoms of excessive urination and dehydration.

The nurse is caring for a client with bronchogenic carcinoma. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?

  • A. Disturbed body image related to changes in body functions
  • B. Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by a tumor or secretions
  • C. Anxiety related to actual threat to health status and changes in family dynamics
  • D. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to anorexia and vomiting secondary to chemotherapy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a client with bronchogenic carcinoma, the highest priority nursing diagnosis would be Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by a tumor or secretions. This is crucial because any blockage in the airway can lead to serious respiratory complications, such as respiratory distress or respiratory failure. Ensuring effective airway clearance is essential to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation for the client. Addressing this priority nursing diagnosis promptly can help prevent potential life-threatening situations and promote optimal respiratory function for the client.

Antivenins should be considered in the treatment of all of the following EXCEPT

  • A. rattlesnake envenomations
  • B. scorpion envenomations
  • C. black widow envenomations
  • D. stonefish envenomations
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Hymenoptera envenomations (e.g., bee stings) typically do not require antivenin, as they are managed with supportive care.

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