Nokea
Which finding would you expect in a 4-week-old with biliary atresia?
- A. Abdominal distention, enlarged liver and spleen, clay-colored stools, and tea-colored urine.
- B. Abdominal distention with bruises and hematuria.
- C. Yellow sclera/skin, oily skin, and prolonged bleeding times.
- D. No manifestations until advanced disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Biliary atresia typically presents with hepatosplenomegaly, pale stools, and dark urine due to impaired bile excretion.
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A form of cancer therapy wherein a beam of high-energy electromagnetic radiation desires the cancer ceils?
- A. surgery
- B. radiation therapy
- C. chemotherapy
- D. pallitive treatment Situation: The nurse is assigned in a counseling clinic about preventive measures for cancers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation therapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses a beam of high-energy electromagnetic radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. The high-energy radiation damages the DNA in cancer cells, causing them to die or be unable to multiply. By precisely targeting the tumor with these radiation beams, radiation therapy helps to minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This form of therapy is an essential component in the treatment of many types of cancer, either alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, or other treatments.
The first permanent tooth to erupt is
- A. central incisor at 6 yr
- B. molar at 6 yr
- C. premolar lower canine at 6-7 yr
- D. upper canine at 6-7 yr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first permanent molar typically erupts around 6 years.
Which type of leukemia has been MOST likely developed in a 2-year-old child with Down syndrome in the neonatal period?
- A. ALL
- B. CML
- C. AML M1
- D. AML M6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Transient myeloproliferative disorder in neonates with Down syndrome can evolve into AML M6.
Which of the following signs indicates to the nurse that digoxin (Lanoxin) has been effective for a patient?
- A. Urine output decreases
- B. Heart rate higher than 95
- C. Urine output increases
- D. Heart rate lower than 50
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heart rhythms. One of the therapeutic effects of digoxin is an improvement in cardiac output, leading to better tissue perfusion. As the heart's pumping ability improves, blood flow to the kidneys also increases, resulting in an increase in urine output. Therefore, an increase in urine output is a positive indication that digoxin is effective for the patient. Monitoring urine output can be a valuable way for nurses to assess the response to digoxin therapy and the overall cardiac function of the patient.
Which best describes acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Occurs after a urinary tract infection
- B. Occurs after a streptococcal infection
- C. Associated with renal vascular disorders
- D. Associated with structural anomalies of genitourinary tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is commonly associated with a preceding streptococcal infection, particularly Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection such as strep throat or impetigo. The infection triggers an abnormal immune response leading to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. This inflammation impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, resulting in symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine), hypertension, and edema. Other causes such as renal vascular disorders, structural anomalies of the genitourinary tract, or urinary tract infections are not typically linked to acute glomerulonephritis.