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When giving a buccal medication to a patient, which action by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Encouraging the patient to swallow, if necessary
- B. Administering water after the medication has been given
- C. Placing the medication between the upper or lower molar teeth and the cheek
- D. Placing the tablet under the patient's tongue and allowing it to dissolve completely
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buccal medications are placed between the molar teeth and the cheek for absorption. Swallowing, giving water, or placing under the tongue (sublingual) are incorrect for buccal administration.
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The nurse is measuring 4 mL of a liquid cough elixir for a child. Which method is most appropriate?
- A. Using a teaspoon to measure and administer
- B. Holding the medication cup at eye level and filling it to the desired level
- C. Withdrawing the elixir from the container using a syringe without a needle attached
- D. Withdrawing the elixir from the container using a calibrated oral syringe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A calibrated oral syringe ensures accurate measurement of small liquid volumes, preventing dosing errors. Teaspoons and medication cups are less precise, and a syringe without a needle may risk aspiration or parenteral administration.
The nurse has an order to administer an intramuscular (IM) immunization to a 2-month-old child. Which site is considered the best choice for this injection?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vastus lateralis is the preferred site for IM injections in infants due to its adequate muscle mass and lack of major nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid is used for older children and adults, the dorsogluteal site is not recommended due to nerve injury risk, and the ventrogluteal is preferred for adults and older children.
A patient is to receive hydromorphone 1.5 mg IV push now. The medication comes in a prefilled syringe, 2 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will administer for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.75 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 2 mg/1 mL = 1.5 mg/x mL. Cross-multiply: (2 * x) = (1 * 1.5); 2x = 1.5; x = 1.5/2 = 0.75 mL.
When adding medications to a bag of intravenous (IV) fluid, the nurse will use which method to mix the solution?
- A. Shaking the bag or bottle vigorously
- B. Turning the bag or bottle gently from side to side
- C. Inverting the bag or bottle one time after injecting the medication
- D. Allowing the IV solution to stand for 10 minutes to enhance even distribution of medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gently turning the IV bag or bottle from side to side ensures even mixing of the medication without causing bubbles or degradation. The other methods are insufficient or inappropriate.
A patient with asthma is to begin medication therapy using a metered-dose inhaler. What is an important reminder to include during teaching sessions with the patient?
- A. Repeat subsequent puffs, if ordered, after 5 minutes.
- B. Inhale slowly while pressing down to release the medication.
- C. Inhale quickly while pressing down to release the medication.
- D. Administer the inhaler while holding it 3 to 4 inches away from the mouth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inhaling slowly while pressing the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. The inhaler should be 1-2 inches from the mouth or use a spacer, and subsequent puffs should be 1-2 minutes apart, not 5 minutes.