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While the nurse is assisting a patient in taking his medications, the medication cup falls to the floor, spilling the tablets. What is the nurse's best action at this time?
- A. Discarding the medications and repeating preparation
- B. Asking the patient if he will take the medications
- C. Waiting until the next dose time, and then giving the medications
- D. Retrieving the medications and administering them to avoid waste
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medications that fall to the floor are contaminated and must be discarded. The nurse should prepare a new dose to ensure safety. The other actions risk administering contaminated medication or delaying treatment.
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A patient says he prefers to chew rather than swallow his pills. One of the pills has the abbreviation SR behind the name of the medication. The nurse needs to remember which correct instruction regarding how to give this medication?
- A. Break the tablet into halves or quarters.
- B. Dissolve the tablet in a small amount of water before giving it.
- C. Do not crush or break the tablet before administration.
- D. Crush the tablet as needed to ease administration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sustained-release (SR) tablets must not be crushed or broken to maintain their controlled-release properties and prevent rapid absorption or gastrointestinal irritation.
A patient is to receive hydromorphone 1.5 mg IV push now. The medication comes in a prefilled syringe, 2 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will administer for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.75 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 2 mg/1 mL = 1.5 mg/x mL. Cross-multiply: (2 * x) = (1 * 1.5); 2x = 1.5; x = 1.5/2 = 0.75 mL.
A patient is to receive a penicillin intramuscular (IM) injection in the ventrogluteal site. The nurse will use which angle for the needle insertion?
- A. 15 degrees
- B. 45 degrees
- C. 60 degrees
- D. 90 degrees
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The proper angle for IM injections is 90 degrees to ensure the medication reaches the muscle layer. The other angles are incorrect for IM administration.
The nurse will plan to use the Z-track method of intramuscular (IM) injections for which situation?
- A. The medication is known to be irritating to tissues.
- B. The patient is emaciated and has very little muscle mass.
- C. The medication must be absorbed quickly into the tissues.
- D. The patient is obese and has a deep fat layer below the muscle mass.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Z-track method is used for medications that irritate tissues or cause staining, preventing leakage into subcutaneous tissues. It is not specifically for emaciated or obese patients or for rapid absorption.
When administering medication by IV bolus (push), the nurse will occlude the IV line by which method?
- A. Injecting the bolus without pinching the tubing
- B. Pinching the tubing just above the injection port
- C. Pinching the tubing just below the injection port
- D. Pinching the tubing just above the drip chamber of the infusion set
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Occluding the IV line by pinching the tubing just above the injection port prevents backflow and ensures the medication is delivered correctly during an IV bolus. The other methods are incorrect.