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When instructing the parents of a toddler with iron deficiency anemia about the importance of increasing iron in the toddler's diet, which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to include in the toddler's diet?
- A. Pasta
- B. Vitamin D milk
- C. Dried fruits
- D. Green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dried fruits. Dried fruits are a good source of iron, which is essential for treating iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. They provide a concentrated amount of iron in a small serving size, making them convenient for toddlers. Pasta (A) does not contain significant amounts of iron. Vitamin D milk (B) is important for bone health but does not provide a substantial amount of iron. Green leafy vegetables (D) are a good source of iron, but they may be harder for toddlers to eat compared to dried fruits.
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Which of the following is a serious complication of acute rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Coronary aneurysms
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiac valve damage. Acute rheumatic fever can lead to inflammation of the heart valves, causing damage and leading to conditions like mitral stenosis or regurgitation. This occurs due to an autoimmune response triggered by a previous streptococcal infection. Choice A, seizures, is not typically associated with acute rheumatic fever. Choice B, coronary aneurysms, is more commonly linked to conditions like Kawasaki disease. Choice C, pulmonary hypertension, is not a typical complication of acute rheumatic fever. Thus, the correct answer is D, as it aligns with the known pathophysiology of the disease.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a toddler who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Perform chest percussion and postural drainage at least twice daily.
- B. Restrict intake of foods that contain gluten.
- C. Administer pancreatic enzymes on an empty stomach.
- D. Use a nebulizer to administer a bronchodilator following airway clearance therapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform chest percussion and postural drainage at least twice daily. This is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis as it helps to loosen and clear mucus from the lungs. Chest percussion and postural drainage can improve lung function and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Restricting intake of foods that contain gluten (B) is not necessary for cystic fibrosis. Administering pancreatic enzymes on an empty stomach (C) is important but not the priority in this case. Using a nebulizer to administer a bronchodilator following airway clearance therapy (D) is helpful but not as essential as chest percussion and postural drainage.
A 7-year-old obese child was diagnosed at his 6-year primary care visit with idiopathic hypertension. The family was instructed to modify his diet and begin an exercise program to control the hypertension. At this visit, it was decided the child should begin a low dose of Lisinopril (Zestril) at 0.07 mg/kg/day. The child weighs 99 pounds. What is the correct dose for this child?
- A. 70 mg/day
- B. 30 mg/day
- C. 6 mg/day
- D. 3 mg/day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct dose for this child is 3 mg/day. To calculate the dose, we first need to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2 (99 lbs / 2.2 = 45 kg). Next, we multiply the weight in kg by the prescribed dosage of 0.07 mg/kg/day (45 kg x 0.07 mg/kg/day = 3.15 mg/day). Since the dosing is typically rounded down for safety reasons, the correct dose is 3 mg/day.
Choice A (70 mg/day) is incorrect because it is too high for a child of this weight and could lead to adverse effects. Choice B (30 mg/day) is also too high. Choice C (6 mg/day) is incorrect as it does not reflect the calculated dosage based on the weight of the child. Therefore, the correct answer is D (3 mg/day) based on the calculated dosage per kg for this specific child.
A 3-year-old patient is taking therapeutic doses of Digoxin and Lasix for heart failure and has an order for daily labs to be drawn. What side effect of this drug combination would the nurse find most concerning?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Digoxin and Lasix can both cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. In this case, hypokalemia is concerning as it can increase the risk of Digoxin toxicity, resulting in life-threatening arrhythmias. Hypernatremia (A), hyponatremia (C), and hyperkalemia (D) are not common side effects of this drug combination and would not pose the same level of risk as hypokalemia.
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is 2 hr postoperative following a cardiac catheterization. The nurse observes blood on the child's dressing. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Apply intermittent pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) below the percutaneous skin site.
- B. Apply continuous pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) above the percutaneous skin site.
- C. Apply continuous pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) below the percutaneous skin site.
- D. Apply intermittent pressure 2.5 cm (1 in) above the percutaneous skin site.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying continuous pressure 2.5 cm below the percutaneous skin site will help control bleeding by promoting clot formation at the catheter insertion site. This pressure point is closer to the source of bleeding, ensuring better hemostasis and preventing further complications.
Summary:
A: Applying intermittent pressure below the site is incorrect as continuous pressure is more effective in achieving hemostasis.
B: Applying continuous pressure above the site is incorrect as it does not target the bleeding source directly.
D: Applying intermittent pressure above the site is incorrect as continuous pressure is preferred for controlling bleeding.
E, F, G: No information provided.