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When instructing the parents of a toddler with iron deficiency anemia about the importance of increasing iron in the toddler's diet, which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to include in the toddler's diet?
- A. Pasta
- B. Vitamin D milk
- C. Dried fruits
- D. Green leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dried fruits. Dried fruits are a good source of iron, which is essential for treating iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. They provide a concentrated amount of iron in a small serving size, making them convenient for toddlers. Pasta (A) does not contain significant amounts of iron. Vitamin D milk (B) is important for bone health but does not provide a substantial amount of iron. Green leafy vegetables (D) are a good source of iron, but they may be harder for toddlers to eat compared to dried fruits.
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The emergency room nurse is caring for a patient with severe burns knows that the priority immediate intervention is which of the following?
- A. Cover the burns to prevent infection
- B. Provide anti-inflammatory medication
- C. Stop the burning process
- D. Provide anti-cyanide medication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop the burning process. This is the priority immediate intervention for a patient with severe burns because stopping the burning process helps prevent further tissue damage. It involves removing the patient from the source of the burn, extinguishing any flames, and cooling the burn with water. This action is crucial in minimizing the extent of the injury and improving outcomes.
A: Covering the burns to prevent infection is important but not the immediate priority.
B: Providing anti-inflammatory medication can be considered later but is not the primary immediate intervention.
D: Providing anti-cyanide medication is not relevant for severe burns.
The expected finding of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) include:
- A. Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- B. Low urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- C. Increased urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- D. Increased urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone. In SIADH, there is an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in low urine output as the body retains water. Increased levels of ADH cause the kidneys to reabsorb more water, further contributing to low urine output. The other choices are incorrect because in SIADH, urine output is typically low, and ADH levels are elevated due to the dysregulation of the feedback mechanism that controls ADH release. Increased urine output and decreased levels of ADH (choice C) would be more indicative of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by decreased ADH production or kidney insensitivity to ADH.
A 7-year-old obese child was diagnosed at his 6-year primary care visit with idiopathic hypertension. The family was instructed to modify his diet and begin an exercise program to control the hypertension. At this visit, it was decided the child should begin a low dose of Lisinopril (Zestril) at 0.07 mg/kg/day. The child weighs 99 pounds. What is the correct dose for this child?
- A. 70 mg/day
- B. 30 mg/day
- C. 6 mg/day
- D. 3 mg/day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct dose for this child is 3 mg/day. To calculate the dose, we first need to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2 (99 lbs / 2.2 = 45 kg). Next, we multiply the weight in kg by the prescribed dosage of 0.07 mg/kg/day (45 kg x 0.07 mg/kg/day = 3.15 mg/day). Since the dosing is typically rounded down for safety reasons, the correct dose is 3 mg/day.
Choice A (70 mg/day) is incorrect because it is too high for a child of this weight and could lead to adverse effects. Choice B (30 mg/day) is also too high. Choice C (6 mg/day) is incorrect as it does not reflect the calculated dosage based on the weight of the child. Therefore, the correct answer is D (3 mg/day) based on the calculated dosage per kg for this specific child.
A 16-year-old with a chronic illness has recently become rebellious and is taking risks such as missing doses of his medication. What is the best explanation for this behavior?
- A. The child needs more discipline
- B. The child needs more socialization with peers
- C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior
- D. The child is demonstrating a need for more parental control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The child is exhibiting normal adolescent behavior. Adolescence is a period of identity formation, autonomy-seeking, and risk-taking. It is common for teenagers to rebel against authority figures, including parents and healthcare providers, as they strive for independence and self-discovery. This rebellious behavior, such as missing medication doses, can be a way for the teenager to assert control over their own life and make their own decisions. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this normal developmental stage and approach the situation with understanding and support rather than punitive measures.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: The child needing more discipline implies that the behavior is solely due to a lack of control or structure, which overlooks the developmental aspect of adolescence.
B: While socialization with peers is important, it may not address the underlying reasons for the rebellious behavior.
D: Imposing more parental control may exacerbate the rebellion and hinder the adolescent's autonomy development.
A nurse is caring for a newborn. The client is at risk for developing ------- and --------
- A. hypoglycemia
- B. bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- C. transient tachypnea of the newborn
- D. tachycardia
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: The correct answer is A and B. Newborns are at risk for hypoglycemia due to immature glycogen stores and increased glucose utilization after birth. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia can occur in premature infants due to prolonged oxygen therapy and lung immaturity. Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a common self-limiting respiratory condition. Tachycardia can be a normal response to various stimuli in newborns. The other choices are not directly related to newborns' risk factors as stated in the question.