Nokea
When medications have an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect on a tissue, a reaction has occurred.
- A. Pharmaceutical
- B. Pharmacodynamic
- C. Pharmacokinetic
- D. Drug incompatibility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacodynamic reactions involve the effect of drugs on tissue receptors, causing additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.
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If a client has chronic renal failure, which of the following sexual complications is the client at risk of developing?
- A. retrograde ejaculation
- B. decreased plasma testosterone
- C. hypertrophy of testicles
- D. state of euphoria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Untreated chronic renal failure causes decreased testosterone levels, atrophy of testicles, and decreased spermatogenesis. Retrograde ejaculation is not a complication of chronic renal failure. It is a complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. In chronic renal failure, the testicles atrophy; they do not hypertrophy. Chronic renal failure produces a state of depression, not euphoria.
A client's central venous access device (CVAD) becomes infected. Why might the physician order antibiotics to be given through the line rather than through a peripheral IV line?
- A. to prevent infiltration of the peripheral line
- B. to reduce the pain and discomfort associated with antibiotic administration in a small vein
- C. to lessen the chance of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic
- D. to attempt to eliminate microorganisms in the catheter and prevent having to remove it
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microorganisms that infect CVADs are often coagulase-negative staphylococci, which can be eliminated by antibiotic administration through the catheter. If unsuccessful in eliminating the microorganism, the CVAD must be removed. CVAD use lessens the need for peripheral IV lines and thus the risk of infiltration. In this case, however, the antibiotics are given to eradicate microorganisms from the CVAD. CVAD use has the effect described in Choice 2, but in this case, the antibiotics are given through the CVAD to eliminate the infective agent. The route does not prevent an allergic reaction.
A patient has recently been prescribed Zidovudine (Retrovir). The patient has AIDS. Which of the following side effects should the patient specifically watch out for?
- A. Weakness and SOB
- B. Fever and anemia
- C. Hypertension and SOB
- D. Fever and hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anemia and fever are associated with Zidovudine's side effects.
A patient that has delivered a 8.2 lb. baby boy 3 days ago via c-section, reports white patches on her breast that aren't going away. Which of the following medications may be necessary?
- A. Nystatin
- B. Atropine
- C. Amoxil
- D. Loritab
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrush, a fungal infection, may be occurring, and Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat it.
Metformin (Glucophage) is administered to clients with type II diabetes mellitus. Metformin is an example of:
- A. an antihyperglycemic agent.
- B. a hypoglycemic agent.
- C. an insulin analogue.
- D. a pancreatic alpha cell stimulant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This antihyperglycemic agent prevents hyperglycemia by reducing hepatic glucose output and decreasing glucose absorption from the gut. A hypoglycemic drug stimulates insulin production. Metformin is not a type of insulin. Metformin is not a stimulant of any pancreatic cell.