Nokea
When medications have an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect on a tissue, a reaction has occurred.
- A. Pharmaceutical
- B. Pharmacodynamic
- C. Pharmacokinetic
- D. Drug incompatibility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacodynamic reactions involve the effect of drugs on tissue receptors, causing additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects.
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A client needs to rapidly achieve a therapeutic plasma drug concentration of a medication. Rather than wait for steady state to be achieved, the physician might order:
- A. a maintenance dose.
- B. a loading dose.
- C. a medication with no first-pass effect.
- D. the medication to be given intravenously.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loading or priming dose rapidly establishes a therapeutic plasma drug level. It can be calculated by multiplying the volume of distribution by the desired plasma drug concentration.
When teaching a woman about possible side effects of hormone replacement therapy, the nurse should include information about all of the following except:
- A. Hypoglycemia in diabetic women.
- B. The possible return of monthly menses when taking combination hormones.
- C. Increased risk of gallbladder disease.
- D. Increased risk of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer with long-term use.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When taking estrogen, there is an increased risk of diabetes or hyperglycemia due to lowered glucose tolerance. It is true that monthly menses might return when taking combination hormones. The progestin is responsible for this. There is also a risk of gallbladder disease. It is also true that there is an increased risk of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer with long-term hormone replacement therapy.
Mr. Lee comes to the clinic with thick green drainage around his eyelids. The nurse examiner takes his history and performs a physical examination, beginning with an eye history. General information the nurse should seek is:
- A. type of employment.
- B. burning or itchy sensation in the eyes.
- C. position of the eyelids.
- D. existence of floaters.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Data belonging in a general health history of the eye includes employment, activities, allergies, medications, lenses, and protective devices used.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum woman who has relinquished her baby for adoption. The care plan for the client should include which of the following priority strategies?
- A. Make a referral for grief counseling
- B. Allow the woman to see her baby initially, and then discourage further visits
- C. Provide opportunities for the woman to express her feelings
- D. Inform the woman she has the right to change her mind about relinquishment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Providing opportunities to express feelings addresses the immediate emotional needs of grief, loneliness, and guilt, which is a priority for supporting the woman's psychological well-being.
If a client has chronic renal failure, which of the following sexual complications is the client at risk of developing?
- A. retrograde ejaculation
- B. decreased plasma testosterone
- C. hypertrophy of testicles
- D. state of euphoria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Untreated chronic renal failure causes decreased testosterone levels, atrophy of testicles, and decreased spermatogenesis. Retrograde ejaculation is not a complication of chronic renal failure. It is a complication of transurethral resection of the prostate. In chronic renal failure, the testicles atrophy; they do not hypertrophy. Chronic renal failure produces a state of depression, not euphoria.