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When performing a genitourinary assessment on a 16-year-old male adolescent, the nurse notices a
- A. abdominal pressure and decreases when he is lying down. The patient complains of pain when straining. The nurse knows that this description is most consistent
- C. Femoral
- D. Incisional Test Bank - Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8e (by Jarvis) 394
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the description provided suggests inguinal hernia. Abdominal pressure causing pain, worsening when standing or straining, and relief when lying down are classic symptoms of inguinal hernia. This is common in males, especially adolescents, due to the descent of the testes through the inguinal canal. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the symptoms of an inguinal hernia and are therefore incorrect. Option A stands out as the best choice based on the specific symptoms presented in the question.
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Most physical problems that occur during peritoneal or hemodialysis are related to which phenomenon that may result from
- A. nausea and vomiting due to too rapid removal of fluid
- B. movement of red blood cells across the dialyzing membrane
- C. movement of glucose from the dialyzing solution into the blood
- D. water intoxication from excessive fluid removal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: nausea and vomiting due to too rapid removal of fluid during peritoneal or hemodialysis. This is because rapid removal of fluid can lead to electrolyte imbalances and changes in blood pressure, causing nausea and vomiting.
Choice B is incorrect because movement of red blood cells across the dialyzing membrane is not a common physical problem during dialysis.
Choice C is incorrect because movement of glucose from the dialyzing solution into the blood is not typically associated with physical problems during dialysis.
Choice D is incorrect because water intoxication from excessive fluid removal can occur, but it is not the most common physical problem during dialysis.
A 40-year-old woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. The nurse suspects fibroids. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find during the pelvic examination?
- A. A smooth, enlarged uterus.
- B. A large, irregular, and tender uterus.
- C. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus.
- D. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A large, irregular, and tender uterus. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent urination. During the pelvic examination, the nurse would expect to find a large uterus due to the presence of fibroids. The irregular shape is indicative of the growths, and tenderness may be present due to inflammation or pressure on surrounding tissues. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the typical characteristics of fibroids, making them incorrect. A smooth, enlarged uterus (A) is not characteristic of fibroids. A firm, mobile, and non-tender uterus (C) is more indicative of a normal uterus. A hard, irregular, fixed uterus (D) may suggest a different pathology, such as endometriosis.
Which statement concerning the testes is true?
- A. The lymphatic vessels of the testes drain into the abdominal lymph nodes.
- B. The vas deferens is located along the inferior portion of each testis.
- C. The right testis is lower than the left because the right spermatic cord is longer.
- D. The cremaster muscle contracts in response to cold and draws the testicles closer to the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The cremaster muscle contracts in response to cold and draws the testicles closer to the body. This is true because the cremaster muscle is responsible for regulating the position of the testicles in response to temperature changes to maintain optimal conditions for sperm production. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The lymphatic vessels of the testes drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes, not the abdominal lymph nodes. B: The vas deferens is a duct that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra, not located along the inferior portion of each testis. C: The difference in height between the testes is due to differences in the descent of the testes during fetal development, not the length of the spermatic cord.
The drug of choice for monilial diarrhea is:
- A. Amphothericin B
- B. Nystatin
- C. Ketoconazole
- D. Itraconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Nystatin is the correct choice for monilial diarrhea:
1. Nystatin is an antifungal medication specifically effective against Candida species causing monilial infections.
2. It works by binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity and causing cell death.
3. Nystatin is not absorbed systemically, making it suitable for gastrointestinal infections.
4. Amphothericin B is reserved for severe systemic fungal infections due to its significant toxicity. Ketoconazole and Itraconazole are not typically used for gastrointestinal Candida infections, as they are more commonly used for systemic fungal infections.
Which of the following statements about part of a nephron? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect?
- A. renal pelvis
- B. ADH regulates the amount of water
- C. distal tubule reabsorbed by the kidneys
- D. collecting duct
Correct Answer:
Rationale: The correct answer is A: renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is not directly related to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the nephron. ADH regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the nephron to maintain water balance in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all associated with the function of ADH in the nephron. ADH regulates the amount of water reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct, not the renal pelvis.