Nokea
Combivir is a combination therapy used to treat HIV and AIDS include which of the following drugs?
- A. Lamivudine and stavudine
- B. Lamivudine and zidovudine
- C. Abacavir and zidovudine
- D. Abacavir and stavudine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamivudine and zidovudine. Combivir is a combination therapy that contains these two drugs, which are commonly used together to treat HIV and AIDS. Lamivudine and zidovudine work synergistically to inhibit viral replication by targeting different stages of the HIV life cycle. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that blocks the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, while zidovudine is also an NRTI that interferes with viral DNA synthesis. This combination helps reduce the viral load and improve the immune response in patients.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Lamivudine and stavudine - Stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy.
C: Abacavir and zidovudine - Abacavir is not part of the Combivir combination therapy.
D: Abacavir and stavudine
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Which of the following statements about part of a nephron? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is incorrect?
- A. renal pelvis
- B. ADH regulates the amount of water
- C. distal tubule reabsorbed by the kidneys
- D. collecting duct
Correct Answer:
Rationale: The correct answer is A: renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is not directly related to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the nephron. ADH regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the nephron to maintain water balance in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all associated with the function of ADH in the nephron. ADH regulates the amount of water reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct, not the renal pelvis.
What piece of the patient's medical history supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection?
- A. The patient's wife had a urinary tract infection 1 month ago.
- B. The patient has been followed for prostate disease for 2 years.
- C. The patient had intermittent catheterization 6 months ago.
- D. The patient had a kidney stone removed 1 year ago.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a history of intermittent catheterization increases the risk of urinary tract infections due to potential introduction of bacteria into the urinary system. This directly supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection.
A: The wife's history is irrelevant unless the patient had direct contact or shared personal items with her.
B: Prostate disease does not directly correlate with a urinary tract infection.
D: Kidney stones are not directly related to urinary tract infections unless there was an associated infection during the stone removal.
While caring for a 77-year-old woman who has a urinary catheter, the nurse monitors the patient for the development of a UTI. What clinical manifestations is the patient most likely to experience?
- A. Cloudy urine and fever
- B. Urethral burning and bloody urine
- C. Vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation
- D. Suprapubic pain and slight decline in body temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cloudy urine and fever. UTI in a patient with a urinary catheter may present with cloudy urine due to pus or bacteria, and fever due to infection. Urethral burning and bloody urine (B) are more indicative of urethritis or bladder trauma. Vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation (C) are not specific to UTI. Suprapubic pain and slight decline in body temperature (D) are less likely with UTI.
The Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney is blocked by:
- A. Spironolactone
- B. Thiazides
- C. Furosemide
- D. Ethacrynic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiazides. Thiazides work by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased urine output. This results in decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure. Spironolactone (A) works by blocking aldosterone receptors, affecting potassium and sodium balance. Furosemide (C) and Ethacrynic acid (D) act on the loop of Henle, inhibiting the Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter. Therefore, the correct answer is B because thiazides specifically target the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
What nursing action should the nurse perform when fatigue is undergoing a comprehensive assessment caring for a patient undergoing diagnostic testing of the which includes test of renal function relating to renal-urologic system?
- A. Withhold medications until 12 hours post-testing.
- B. Ensure that the patient knows the importance of of what blood value? temporary fluid restriction after testing.
- C. Hematocrit
- D. Inform the patient of his or her medical diagnosis after
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Option B is correct because it addresses the importance of temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing, which is crucial in maintaining accurate test results. Ensuring patient understanding and compliance with fluid restriction helps prevent dilution of blood samples, leading to more accurate diagnostic outcomes.
Summary:
A: Withholding medications post-testing is not necessary for fatigue assessment related to renal function testing.
C: Hematocrit is not directly related to the temporary fluid restriction after renal function testing.
D: Informing the patient of their medical diagnosis is not relevant when assessing fatigue during diagnostic testing of renal function.