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When providing care to a patient, the psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing the therapeutic use of self. The nurse is applying the concepts based on the work of which individual?
- A. Hildegarde Peplau
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Dorothea Dix
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau?s work, particularly her book *Interpersonal Relations in Nursing* (1952), introduced the concept of the therapeutic use of self, emphasizing the nurse?s role in building therapeutic relationships with patients.
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The following events are important in the development of psychiatric-mental health nursing practice. Which event occurred first?
- A. Publication of Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing by the ANA
- B. Publication of Standards of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Practice
- C. Establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University
- D. Publication of the first psychiatric nursing text, Nursing Mental Disease, by Harriet Bailey
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Harriet Bailey?s *Nursing Mental Disease* (1920) was the first psychiatric nursing text, predating the establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University (1954), the ANA?s *Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing* (1973), and the *Standards of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Practice* (1985).
A nursing student is presenting a discussion of the history of psychiatric-mental health nursing and its place within nursing history. Which of the following would be most appropriate to include?
- A. Certification for the psychiatric-mental health nursing specialty was first emphasized by Mary Adelaide Nutting.
- B. Psychiatric nurses played a part in seeing that all deinstitutionalized patients got treatment at community mental health centers.
- C. There is a historical link between the first nursing program to admit male students and the first training school for psychiatric nursing.
- D. The first graduate program in psychiatric nurses was established in response to the publication of psychiatric nursing specialty journals.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychiatric nurses were instrumental in the deinstitutionalization movement, particularly following the 1960s, by ensuring that patients released from large institutions received treatment in community mental health centers, aligning with the shift toward community-based care.
After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about the historical perspectives of mental health care, the instructor determines that the group has understood the information when they identify which of the following as a common belief about mental illness during the medieval period?
- A. Mental illness in an individual was the result of being possessed by demons.
- B. A person was removed from a contaminated environment to protect him or her.
- C. Exorcisms were used as primary mode of treatment to cleanse the person of his or her sins.
- D. The focus was on moral treatment to promote the individual?s safety and comfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the medieval period, mental illness was commonly believed to result from demonic possession, with treatments often involving exorcisms or other religious interventions, reflecting the era?s spiritual understanding of mental disorders.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify that the report recommended an increase in which of the following?
- A. Numbers of mental health hospitals
- B. State funding for mental health care
- C. Clinics supplemented by general hospital units
- D. Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (1961) recommended increasing community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to shift care from large state institutions to more accessible, community-oriented settings.
A nursing instructor is preparing a presentation about key events and people that influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the effects of World War II, which of the following would the instructor include?
- A. People began to view mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable.
- B. The biologic understanding of mental illness was almost fully developed.
- C. Deinstitutionalization occurred in response to the community health movement.
- D. Mental illnesses became categorized as psychoses or neuroses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: World War II increased awareness of mental health issues due to the high incidence of psychiatric casualties among soldiers, leading to a broader societal view of mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable, reducing stigma and prompting improvements in care.