Nokea
When reviewing a client's history, the nurse notes that the client uses garlic to promote cardiovascular health. The nurse understands that which of the following is a benefit of its use?
- A. Improved LDL-to-HDL ratio
- B. Lower serum triglyceride levels
- C. Lower blood pressure
- D. Prevention of atherosclerosis
- E. Reduced risk for blood clots
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The benefits of garlic include lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, improving the ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol, lowering blood pressure, and helping to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
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A client is experiencing constipation due to an antihyperlipidemic drug. The client asks the nurse how to manage this problem. Which suggestion would be most appropriate?
- A. Stop taking the antihyperlipidemic medication
- B. Increase your fluid intake
- C. Eat foods rich in dietary fiber
- D. Be sure to exercise every day
- E. Use a stool softener
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Constipation resulting from an antihyperlipidemic drug can be treated by increasing fluid intake, consuming food rich in dietary fiber, exercising daily, and using a stool softener or laxative if needed.
A client is starting cholestyramine therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. When teaching the client about possible adverse reactions, which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Malabsorption of vitamin K
- C. Aggravation of hemorrhoids
- D. Flatulence
- E. Myopathy
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Adverse reactions reported with the use of bile acid resins, such as cholestyramine, include constipation (that can become severe), aggravation of hemorrhoids, abdominal cramps, flatulence, nausea, increased bleeding related to vitamin K malabsorption, and vitamin A and D deficiencies.
A nurse is explaining how statin drugs help lower cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Which of the following would the nurse include in the explanation?
- A. Decreased absorption of cholesterol from the GI tract
- B. Promotion of cholesterol breakdown
- C. Formation of a substance that is excreted in the feces
- D. Decreased breakdown of fat to cholesterol
- E. Inhibition of cholesterol production
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Statins inhibit the manufacture of cholesterol or promote the breakdown of cholesterol. The bile acid resins bind to bile acids to form an insoluble substance that cannot be absorbed by the intestine, so it is excreted in the feces.
A nurse in a health care facility is caring for a client receiving colesevelam. The nurse would anticipate administering this drug cautiously to a client with which condition?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Peptic ulcer disease
- C. Liver disease
- D. Unstable angina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Colesevelam is administered with caution in clients with liver disease. Fibric acid derivatives are administered with caution in clients with peptic ulcer disease and diabetes. Niacin is used with caution in clients with unstable angina.
A nurse is preparing to administer gemfibrozil to a client. The nurse understands that this drug lowers cholesterol via which of the following mechanisms?
- A. Increases excretion of cholesterol
- B. Reduces very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
- C. Increases breakdown of VLDLs
- D. Reduces production of triglycerides
- E. Inhibits cholesterol formation
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Gemfibrozil increases the excretions of cholesterol and reduces the production of triglycerides. The drug does not reduce VLDLs, increase VLDL breakdown, or inhibit cholesterol formation.