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When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension about medication adherence, which statement should the nurse include?
- A. You can stop taking your medication once your blood pressure is normal.
- B. You should take your medication at the same time every day.
- C. You can double your dose if you miss a dose.
- D. You should take your medication with a high-fat meal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication at the same time every day.' Taking medication consistently at the same time daily is crucial for maintaining steady blood levels and effectively managing hypertension. It helps ensure that the medication works optimally and provides the best control of blood pressure throughout the day. Choice A is incorrect because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a relapse or worsening of hypertension. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the dose without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect as taking medication with a high-fat meal can affect its absorption and efficacy.
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A client with a new diagnosis of osteoporosis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain vitamin D.
- D. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.' Increasing intake of calcium-rich foods is essential for managing osteoporosis because calcium is necessary for bone health and density. Adequate calcium intake can help prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures in individuals with osteoporosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Decreasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary for osteoporosis management. Avoiding foods that contain vitamin D is counterproductive since vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption. Increasing intake of high-sodium foods is not recommended as it can contribute to bone loss and negatively impact bone health.
Postulated that FAITH is the way of behaving. He developed four theories of faith and development based on his experience.
- A. Giligan
- B. Westerhoff
- C. Fowler
- D. Freud
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: John Westerhoff's faith theory (1970s) sees faith as evolving behavior e.g., from received to owned faith through life events. Gilligan's ethics, Fowler's abstract faith, and Freud's psychology differ. His experiential stages affiliative, searching guide nursing's spiritual care, helping patients express faith through actions, enhancing holistic support.
Critical thinking is an active organized cognitive process used to carefully examine one's thinking. It allows the nurse to
- A. Direct the assessment in a meaningful and purposeful way
- B. Review assessment with other health care providers
- C. Determination of the nursing care delivered
- D. Indentifies anticipated client responses to illness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Critical thinking directs assessment purposefully e.g., probing fatigue to link it to anemia ensuring data collection is focused and relevant. This active process analyzes, synthesizes, and prioritizes, enhancing care planning. Reviewing with providers follows assessment, not its direction. Determining care is planning/implementation, not assessment's role. Identifying responses fits evaluation, not initial data-gathering. Critical thinking's role in steering assessment ensures efficiency and depth, making it the key way nurses apply this cognitive skill in practice.
Whitney verbalizes that she is anxious that the diagnostic test might reveal laryngeal cancer. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Tell the client not to worry until the results are in
- B. Ask the client to express feelings and concern
- C. Reassure the client everything will be alright
- D. Advice the client to divert his attention by watching television and reading newspapers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking Whitney to express feelings (B) is most appropriate, fostering therapeutic communication, per Rogers. 'Don't worry' (A) and 'everything's alright' (C) dismiss anxiety. Diversion (D) avoids emotions. B addresses her fear, making it correct.
What is the purpose of utilizing proper positioning techniques for patients?
- A. To maintain patient comfort
- B. To promote social interaction
- C. To facilitate ambulation
- D. To improve coordination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proper positioning techniques aim to maintain patient comfort by reducing pressure points, aligning the body, and preventing pain or discomfort during rest or treatment. This focus enhances patient well-being, crucial for recovery and satisfaction in care settings. Encouraging social engagement, aiding walking, or enhancing coordination, while valuable, aren't the core objectives of positioning those require distinct interventions like group activities or physical therapy. Comfort underpins healing, as unrelieved pressure or misalignment can lead to complications like ulcers or muscle strain. Nurses prioritize this to support physiological stability, ensuring patients feel at ease, which indirectly supports broader therapeutic goals without being the primary intent.