Nokea
A client is hospitalized with hepatitis A. Which of the client's regular medications is contraindicated due to the current illness?
- A. Prilosec (omeprazole)
- B. Synthroid (levothyroxine)
- C. Premarin (conjugated estrogens)
- D. Lipitor (atorvastatin)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lipitor (atorvastatin) is contraindicated in active hepatitis A due to liver metabolism, risking hepatotoxicity Prilosec, Synthroid, and Premarin aren't similarly affected. Nurses hold statins, monitoring liver function, ensuring safety during acute liver inflammation.
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Prescriptive theories:
- A. Have the ability to explain, relate and in some situations predict nursing phenomena
- B. Describe phenomena
- C. Provide a structural framework for broad abstract ideas
- D. Reflect practice and address specific phenomena
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescriptive theories in nursing specify actions for specific situations, reflecting practice and addressing phenomena like pain management with concrete interventions (e.g., administer analgesics). Unlike descriptive theories, which only describe (e.g., pain's nature), or explanatory ones, which explain and predict (e.g., why pain occurs), prescriptive theories guide what nurses should do, offering practical direction. Explaining, relating, and predicting fit mid-range or grand theories, not prescriptive ones' narrow focus. Providing a broad framework suits grand theories (e.g., Orem's), not prescriptive specificity. Reflecting practice and addressing phenomena captures prescriptive theories' role bridging theory to actionable care, like protocols for patient symptoms, making this the most precise definition in nursing theory application.
Which of the following statement best describe patient advocacy?
- A. Ignoring patient needs
- B. Supporting patient rights
- C. A routine task
- D. A medical treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient advocacy is supporting patient rights (B), per nursing e.g., voicing wishes. Not ignoring (A), not routine (C), not treatment (D) rights-focused. B best defines advocacy's protective role, making it correct.
A client's wife has been informed by the physician that her spouse has a permanent C2-C3 spinal injury, which has resulted in permanent quadriplegia. The wife states that she does not want the physician or nursing staff to tell the client about his injury. The client is awake, alert, and oriented when he asks his nurse to tell him what has happened. The nurse has conflicting emotions about how to handle the situation and is experiencing:
- A. autonomy.
- B. moral distress.
- C. moral doubt.
- D. moral courage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's conflict between truth-telling and the wife's request is moral distress (B), feeling unable to act ethically. Autonomy (A) is patient rights. Doubt (C) is uncertainty. Courage (D) is acting despite fear. B is correct. Rationale: Moral distress arises from ethical dilemmas, common in nursing when values clash, per ethics frameworks, requiring resolution.
Which of the following statement best describe guided imagery?
- A. It works by asking the client to imagine a scene or a situation that diverts his attention from pain
- B. Client is asked to contract and relax his muscle one by one
- C. Client is asked to recall his most painful experience
- D. Breathing exercises accompanies a scene imagined by the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Guided imagery diverts attention from pain by imagining a scene (A), per non-pharmacologic pain relief methods. Muscle contraction (B) is progressive relaxation, recalling pain (C) counterproductive, breathing with imagery (D) partial. A best captures its essence distraction via visualization validated by pain management studies, making it correct.
A client with a new diagnosis of cirrhosis is receiving dietary management education from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is beneficial for managing fluid retention and symptoms of cirrhosis. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening edema and ascites commonly associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their intake of sodium-rich foods is crucial in the dietary management of cirrhosis. Option A is incorrect as increasing sodium intake would exacerbate fluid retention. Option C is irrelevant to cirrhosis management unless the client has lactose intolerance. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all patients with cirrhosis, especially if they have complications like hepatic encephalopathy.