LPN Nursing Fundamentals

LPN Nursing Fundamentals Related

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Which of the following behaviors by Nurse Jane Robles demonstrates that she understands well the elements of effecting charting?

  • A. She signs her charting as follows: J.R
  • B. She writes in the chart using a no. 2 pencils.
  • C. She noted: appetite is good this afternoon.
  • D. She signs on the medication sheet after administering the medication.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Effective charting requires accuracy, clarity, and accountability, adhering to legal and professional standards. Signing the medication sheet after administering medication, as Nurse Jane does, exemplifies this by confirming the intervention occurred, ensuring patient safety, and providing a verifiable record. This practice aligns with the 'Five Rights' of medication administration and reduces error risks, such as double-dosing. Conversely, signing as 'J.R.' lacks full identification (name and title), compromising accountability. Using a pencil risks erasure or alteration, undermining record integrity, as permanent ink is standard. Noting 'appetite is good' is subjective and lacks detail (e.g., meal percentage consumed), reducing its clinical value. Nurse Jane's action of signing post-medication administration reflects a strong grasp of charting's role in care continuity and safety, making it the best demonstration of effective documentation principles.

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Which of the following is TRUE with regards to Client Goals?

  • A. They are specific, measurable, attainable and time bounded
  • B. They are general and broadly stated
  • C. They should answer for WHO, WHAT ACTIONS, WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES, HOW WELL and WHEN.
  • D. Example is : After discharge planning, Client demonstrated the proper psychomotor skills for insulin injection.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Client goals are specific, measurable, attainable, time-bound (A), per SMART criteria. General (B) lacks focus, C details criteria not truth, D is an example, not definition. A defines goal-setting, making it correct.

Which of the following statement best describe patient advocacy?

  • A. Ignoring patient needs
  • B. Supporting patient rights
  • C. A routine task
  • D. A medical treatment
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patient advocacy is supporting patient rights (B), per nursing e.g., voicing wishes. Not ignoring (A), not routine (C), not treatment (D) rights-focused. B best defines advocacy's protective role, making it correct.

A client with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism is being taught about medication management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • A. You should take your medication with a high-fiber meal.
  • B. You should take your medication on an empty stomach.
  • C. You should take your medication with a calcium supplement.
  • D. You should take your medication before bedtime.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication on an empty stomach.' When educating a client with hypothyroidism, it is essential to advise taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and effectiveness. Taking the medication with food, especially high-fiber or with supplements like calcium, can interfere with absorption and reduce its efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to follow the recommendation of taking the medication on an empty stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with a high-fiber meal (Choice A) or with a calcium supplement (Choice C) can hinder absorption, and taking it before bedtime (Choice D) does not optimize absorption compared to taking it on an empty stomach.

Prescriptive theories:

  • A. Have the ability to explain, relate and in some situations predict nursing phenomena
  • B. Describe phenomena
  • C. Provide a structural framework for broad abstract ideas
  • D. Reflect practice and address specific phenomena
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prescriptive theories in nursing specify actions for specific situations, reflecting practice and addressing phenomena like pain management with concrete interventions (e.g., administer analgesics). Unlike descriptive theories, which only describe (e.g., pain's nature), or explanatory ones, which explain and predict (e.g., why pain occurs), prescriptive theories guide what nurses should do, offering practical direction. Explaining, relating, and predicting fit mid-range or grand theories, not prescriptive ones' narrow focus. Providing a broad framework suits grand theories (e.g., Orem's), not prescriptive specificity. Reflecting practice and addressing phenomena captures prescriptive theories' role bridging theory to actionable care, like protocols for patient symptoms, making this the most precise definition in nursing theory application.

When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension about medication adherence, which statement should the nurse include?

  • A. You can stop taking your medication once your blood pressure is normal.
  • B. You should take your medication at the same time every day.
  • C. You can double your dose if you miss a dose.
  • D. You should take your medication with a high-fat meal.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication at the same time every day.' Taking medication consistently at the same time daily is crucial for maintaining steady blood levels and effectively managing hypertension. It helps ensure that the medication works optimally and provides the best control of blood pressure throughout the day. Choice A is incorrect because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a relapse or worsening of hypertension. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the dose without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect as taking medication with a high-fat meal can affect its absorption and efficacy.

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