LPN Nursing Fundamentals

LPN Nursing Fundamentals Related

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The nurse manager is conducting an educational session for the nurses on non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers ( $\beta$ blockers). How should the nurse manager accurately describe the mechanism of action of these medications? List the options in order from first to last.

  • A. Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased
  • B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked
  • C. Beta₁ and betaâ‚‚ receptor sites are blocked
  • D. Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) inhibit the sympathetic nervous system's effects on beta₁ (heart) and beta₂ (lungs, vessels) receptors. The mechanism sequence is: (1) Beta₁ and beta₂ receptor sites are blocked (C), (2) Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked (B), (3) Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased (A), (4) Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases (D). Blocking beta receptors (C) is the initial step, preventing catecholamines (B) from binding, which reduces heart rate and vasoconstriction (A), ultimately lowering myocardial oxygen demand (D). Incorrect sequencing, like starting with heart rate reduction, skips the pharmacological basis. The CSV requires one answer, so C is chosen as the foundational step. Rationale: Beta blockade directly inhibits receptor activation, a primary action taught in pharmacology education, leading to downstream effects critical for conditions like hypertension or angina, ensuring nurses understand the drug's systemic impact.

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A client with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism is being taught about medication management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

  • A. You should take your medication with a high-fiber meal.
  • B. You should take your medication on an empty stomach.
  • C. You should take your medication with a calcium supplement.
  • D. You should take your medication before bedtime.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication on an empty stomach.' When educating a client with hypothyroidism, it is essential to advise taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and effectiveness. Taking the medication with food, especially high-fiber or with supplements like calcium, can interfere with absorption and reduce its efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to follow the recommendation of taking the medication on an empty stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with a high-fiber meal (Choice A) or with a calcium supplement (Choice C) can hinder absorption, and taking it before bedtime (Choice D) does not optimize absorption compared to taking it on an empty stomach.

Which of the following is known to have a role in wound healing?

  • A. Vitamin A
  • B. Vitamin K
  • C. Vitamin C
  • D. Vitamin B complex
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, a key wound healing component, strengthening tissue repair. Vitamin A supports epithelial growth, Vitamin K aids clotting, and B complex boosts energy, but collagen formation is primary. Nurses ensure adequate C intake (e.g., citrus), accelerating recovery, preventing dehiscence, and supporting immune response at wound sites.

Which of the following statements best describes a wellness nursing diagnosis for an individual, family, or community?

  • A. clinical judgment of transition to a higher level of wellness
  • B. nursing judgment that in some area no pathology exists
  • C. a judgment that in some area there is more wellness than illness
  • D. statement of an area of family strength to use in interventions
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A wellness nursing diagnosis best describes a clinical judgment of transitioning to a higher wellness level, focusing on enhancing health beyond mere absence of disease. Unlike pathology-based diagnoses, it identifies potential for growth like improving nutrition in a healthy client reflecting nursing's preventive role. Judging no pathology or more wellness than illness is narrower, missing the forward-looking aspect, while family strengths support interventions but aren't the diagnosis. This perspective encourages proactive care, aligning with wellness models to elevate client health.

When should the client test his blood sugar levels for greater accuracy?

  • A. During meals
  • B. In between meals
  • C. Before meals
  • D. 2 Hours after meals
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before meals e.g., fasting glucose offers accurate baseline sugar levels, unlike during (eating), between (variable), or post-meal (spike). Nurses advise this e.g., AM checks for diabetes monitoring, per endocrinology standards.

A client has a new diagnosis of GERD. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about dietary management?

  • A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
  • B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
  • C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
  • D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. High-fat foods can exacerbate symptoms of GERD by delaying stomach emptying and increasing the risk of reflux. By reducing high-fat foods in the diet, the client can help manage symptoms of GERD and decrease the likelihood of complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing high-fat foods can worsen GERD symptoms. Choice C is unrelated as gluten is not a specific concern for GERD. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products may lead to increased fat intake, which is not recommended for GERD.

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