Nokea
Freud postulated that child adopts parental standards and traits through
- A. Imitation
- B. Introjection
- C. Identification
- D. Regression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, from the early 1900s, posits children adopt parental standards via identification e.g., mimicking a father's demeanor. Imitation (copying), introjection (internalizing), and regression (reverting) differ. This process shapes superego development, influencing behaviors like empathy in nursing, where early role models affect caregiving styles.
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Which of the following statement is TRUE about illness behavior?
- A. How people react when they are sick
- B. How people prevent illness
- C. How people treat illness
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Illness behavior is how people react when sick (A), per sociology e.g., seeking care. Prevention (B) and treatment (C) are separate, not all (D). A truly defines illness response, making it correct.
The name of the nursing diagnosis is linked to the etiology with the phrase:
- A. as manifested by'
- B. related to'
- C. evidenced by'
- D. due to'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In nursing diagnoses, a standardized format connects the problem to its cause. The phrase 'related to' is used to link the identified health issue, such as 'Impaired Mobility,' to its etiology, like 'joint stiffness,' forming a clear cause-and-effect relationship. 'As manifested by' and 'evidenced by' describe symptoms or signs supporting the diagnosis, not the cause. 'Due to' is less specific and not part of the formal nursing diagnosis structure outlined by NANDA International. This format ensures clarity in care planning, allowing nurses to address underlying causes effectively, enhancing patient outcomes through targeted interventions based on this relationship.
Which of the following statement best describe patient advocacy?
- A. Ignoring patient needs
- B. Supporting patient rights
- C. A routine task
- D. A medical treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient advocacy is supporting patient rights (B), per nursing e.g., voicing wishes. Not ignoring (A), not routine (C), not treatment (D) rights-focused. B best defines advocacy's protective role, making it correct.
A client's wife has been informed by the physician that her spouse has a permanent C2-C3 spinal injury, which has resulted in permanent quadriplegia. The wife states that she does not want the physician or nursing staff to tell the client about his injury. The client is awake, alert, and oriented when he asks his nurse to tell him what has happened. The nurse has conflicting emotions about how to handle the situation and is experiencing:
- A. autonomy.
- B. moral distress.
- C. moral doubt.
- D. moral courage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's conflict between truth-telling and the wife's request is moral distress (B), feeling unable to act ethically. Autonomy (A) is patient rights. Doubt (C) is uncertainty. Courage (D) is acting despite fear. B is correct. Rationale: Moral distress arises from ethical dilemmas, common in nursing when values clash, per ethics frameworks, requiring resolution.
The nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. Which finding suggests increasing intracranial pressure?
- A. Pulse rate of 100
- B. Widening pulse pressure
- C. Respiratory rate of 20
- D. Temperature of 99°F
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Widening pulse pressure (e.g., 140/60) indicates rising intracranial pressure post-head injury, reflecting Cushing's triad with bradycardia and respiratory changes pulse, respiration, or mild fever alone don't confirm this. Nurses report this, signaling brain herniation risk, necessitating urgent intervention like mannitol or surgery.