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Which of the following is responsible for the rhythm and quality of breathing?
- A. Medulla oblongata
- B. Pons
- C. Carotid bodies
- D. Aortic bodies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The medulla's respiratory center sets rhythm and depth e.g., 12-20 breaths/min via dorsal/ventral groups. Pons refines, carotid/aortic adjust via chemo input. Nurses assess this e.g., COPD for function, per neurophysiology.
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The nurse asked the client to read the Snellen chart. Which of the following is tested:
- A. Optic
- B. Olfactory
- C. Oculomotor
- D. Trochlear
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Snellen chart tests vision, linked to the optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II).
The physician has ordered a low-fat diet for a client with cholecystitis. The nurse recognizes that the client understands the dietary teaching if he selects:
- A. Fried chicken, mashed potatoes, and gravy
- B. Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice
- C. Scrambled eggs, bacon, and toast
- D. Hamburger, French fries, and coleslaw
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Broiled fish, steamed carrots, and rice align with a low-fat diet for cholecystitis, minimizing gallbladder stimulation fried, fatty foods (chicken, bacon, hamburger) worsen inflammation. Nurses reinforce this choice, reducing pain and aiding recovery in gallbladder disease management.
A client receives education on dietary management for ulcerative colitis from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- B. You should avoid foods containing lactose.
- C. You should decrease your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching is to decrease the intake of dairy products. This is because reducing the intake of dairy products is beneficial in managing symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can aggravate symptoms due to their lactose content, thus advising the client to decrease their consumption can help alleviate discomfort and promote better management of the condition.\nChoice A is incorrect because increasing high-fiber foods may worsen symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.\nChoice B is incorrect as while it is advised to avoid foods containing lactose, this alone does not encompass the full dietary management for ulcerative colitis.\nChoice D is incorrect as increasing the intake of dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with ulcerative colitis due to their lactose content.
The nurse is teaching the client with insulin-dependent diabetes the signs of hypoglycemia. Which of the following signs is associated with hypoglycemia?
- A. Tremulousness
- B. Slow pulse
- C. Nausea
- D. Flushed skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tremulousness is a classic sign of hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes, resulting from the autonomic nervous system's response to low glucose, triggering adrenaline release shakiness signals urgent need for sugar. Slow pulse, nausea, or flushed skin align more with other conditions or hyperglycemia. Nurses teach this symptom for self-recognition, enabling rapid intervention with glucose sources, preventing severe outcomes like seizures, critical for diabetes management.
A client has a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and a nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In hypothyroidism, increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. This helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism. Therefore, advising the client to increase their intake of iodine-rich foods aligns with the recommended dietary management for hypothyroidism. Choice B is incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods could lead to further deficiency in individuals with hypothyroidism. Choice C is not directly related to hypothyroidism and lactose intolerance is a separate issue. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a specific recommendation for hypothyroidism unless the client has a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, which should be assessed separately.