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The nurse forgot to give Mr. Gary his medication, causing harm. This is an example of?
- A. Negligence
- B. Malpractice
- C. Assault
- D. Battery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Forgetting meds causing harm is negligence (A) care standard failure, per law. Malpractice (B) professional-specific, assault (C) threat, battery (D) touch not general lapse. A fits the nurse's unintentional error impacting Mr. Gary, making it correct.
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Which of the following is TRUE about the mechanism of action of the Aortic and Carotid bodies?
- A. If the BP is elevated, the RR increases
- B. If the BP is elevated, the RR decreases
- C. Elevated BP leads to Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Low BP leads to Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aortic and carotid bodies, chemoreceptors, slow respiration when BP rises e.g., baroreceptors signal reduced need for O2 delivery. Increased RR (hypoxia), alkalosis (pH), or acidosis (metabolic) misalign. Nurses note this e.g., in hypertension for respiratory adjustments, per cardiovascular interplay.
The name of the nursing diagnosis is linked to the etiology with the phrase:
- A. as manifested by'
- B. related to'
- C. evidenced by'
- D. due to'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In nursing diagnoses, a standardized format connects the problem to its cause. The phrase 'related to' is used to link the identified health issue, such as 'Impaired Mobility,' to its etiology, like 'joint stiffness,' forming a clear cause-and-effect relationship. 'As manifested by' and 'evidenced by' describe symptoms or signs supporting the diagnosis, not the cause. 'Due to' is less specific and not part of the formal nursing diagnosis structure outlined by NANDA International. This format ensures clarity in care planning, allowing nurses to address underlying causes effectively, enhancing patient outcomes through targeted interventions based on this relationship.
The client is in stress because he was told by the physician he needs to undergo surgery for removal of tumor in his bladder. Which of the following are effects of sympatho-adrenomedullary response by the client? 1. Constipation 2. Urinary frequency 3. Hyperglycemia 4. Increased blood pressure
- A. 3,4
- B. 1,3,4
- C. 1,2,4
- D. 1,4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympatho-adrenomedullary response, part of the fight-or-flight reaction to stress (surgery news), releases catecholamines like epinephrine, causing hyperglycemia (3) and increased blood pressure (4). Hyperglycemia results from glycogenolysis to fuel energy needs. Blood pressure rises due to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. Constipation (1) isn't immediate; stress slows digestion long-term. Urinary frequency (2) contradicts the response's fluid retention. Only 3 and 4 (A) match acute sympathetic activation, making it correct over broader or incorrect combinations.
A client has a new diagnosis of hyperkalemia and is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider on dietary management. Which of the following statements should the healthcare provider include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.' Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by excess potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia effectively, it is crucial to reduce the intake of potassium-rich foods. This helps in lowering the overall potassium levels in the body and prevents complications associated with hyperkalemia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods (Choice A) would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Avoiding foods that contain lactose (Choice C) is not directly related to managing hyperkalemia. Increasing the intake of dairy products (Choice D) is not recommended as they can be a significant source of dietary potassium.
A client receives education on dietary management for ulcerative colitis from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- B. You should avoid foods containing lactose.
- C. You should decrease your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching is to decrease the intake of dairy products. This is because reducing the intake of dairy products is beneficial in managing symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can aggravate symptoms due to their lactose content, thus advising the client to decrease their consumption can help alleviate discomfort and promote better management of the condition.\nChoice A is incorrect because increasing high-fiber foods may worsen symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.\nChoice B is incorrect as while it is advised to avoid foods containing lactose, this alone does not encompass the full dietary management for ulcerative colitis.\nChoice D is incorrect as increasing the intake of dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with ulcerative colitis due to their lactose content.