Nokea
A client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. Increase your intake of protein-rich foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, decreasing the intake of phosphorus-rich foods is essential as impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, causing an imbalance. This can result in bone and heart complications. Therefore, educating the client to reduce phosphorus intake is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications. Option A is incorrect because excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Option C is not directly related to the management of chronic kidney disease. Option D is also incorrect as potassium intake may need to be limited in certain stages of kidney disease.
You may also like to solve these questions
Five teaspoons is equivalent to how many milliliters (ml)?
- A. 30 ml
- B. 25 ml
- C. 12 ml
- D. 22 ml
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One teaspoon equals 5 ml, so 5 teaspoons is 25 ml.
An 18-month-old is scheduled for a cleft palate repair. The usual type of restraints for the child with a cleft palate repair are:
- A. Elbow restraints
- B. Full arm restraints
- C. Wrist restraints
- D. Mummy restraints
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elbow restraints are used post-cleft palate repair to prevent an 18-month-old from touching the surgical site, protecting sutures without overly restricting movement. Full arm or wrist restraints are excessive, while mummy restraints are impractical and unnecessary. Nurses apply these to balance safety and comfort, educating parents on their temporary use to ensure healing, critical for speech and feeding outcomes.
A client with a new diagnosis of pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching a client with pancreatitis is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. This dietary modification is crucial in managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations of pancreatitis. High-fat foods can put a strain on the pancreas, potentially leading to further complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen pancreatitis. Choice C is unrelated to pancreatitis management, as lactose intolerance is not directly linked to pancreatitis. Choice D is also incorrect, as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all individuals with pancreatitis due to the fat content in many dairy products.
The nurse manager is conducting an educational session for the nurses on non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers ( $\beta$ blockers). How should the nurse manager accurately describe the mechanism of action of these medications? List the options in order from first to last.
- A. Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased
- B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked
- C. Betaâ‚ and betaâ‚‚ receptor sites are blocked
- D. Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) inhibit the sympathetic nervous system's effects on betaâ‚ (heart) and betaâ‚‚ (lungs, vessels) receptors. The mechanism sequence is: (1) Betaâ‚ and betaâ‚‚ receptor sites are blocked (C), (2) Epinephrine and norepinephrine actions are blocked (B), (3) Heart rate and blood pressure are decreased (A), (4) Cardiac workload and oxygen demand decreases (D). Blocking beta receptors (C) is the initial step, preventing catecholamines (B) from binding, which reduces heart rate and vasoconstriction (A), ultimately lowering myocardial oxygen demand (D). Incorrect sequencing, like starting with heart rate reduction, skips the pharmacological basis. The CSV requires one answer, so C is chosen as the foundational step. Rationale: Beta blockade directly inhibits receptor activation, a primary action taught in pharmacology education, leading to downstream effects critical for conditions like hypertension or angina, ensuring nurses understand the drug's systemic impact.
An action that the nurse should take to use a wide base of support when assisting a client to get up in a chair is:
- A. Bend at the waist and place arms under client's arms and lift.
- B. Face of client, band knees and place hands on client's forearms and lift.
- C. Spread his/her feet apart.
- D. Tighten his/her pelvic muscles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spreading feet apart creates a wide base of support, stabilizing the nurse's center of gravity when lifting a client from bed to chair. This enhances balance, reducing fall risk e.g., shoulder-width stance supports a 70-kg patient. Bending at the waist risks back strain, lacking leg leverage, and no base is specified. Facing the client, bending knees, and holding forearms uses proper mechanics but omits base width less explicit. Tightening pelvic muscles aids core strength, not base stability. A wide stance, per ergonomic principles, ensures safe transfer, protecting nurse and client, making it the essential action in this context.