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When the client is unable to make medical decisions for himself or herself, authorization that allows another person to make these decisions is called:
- A. living will.
- B. durable power of attorney.
- C. informed consent.
- D. immunity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: durable power of attorney. This legal document grants authority to another person, known as the healthcare proxy or agent, to make medical decisions on behalf of the client when they are unable to do so themselves. This is essential for ensuring that the client's wishes are respected and that appropriate medical care is provided.
A: A living will is a document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment in case they become incapacitated, but it does not appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf.
C: Informed consent is the process of ensuring that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a medical treatment before giving consent, but it does not authorize someone to make decisions on their behalf.
D: Immunity refers to protection from legal liability and is not relevant to authorizing someone to make medical decisions for a client.
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A nurse explaining the above graph indicates the frequency of falls in 2011 to detect and possibly explain causes of variation. The peaks in June were attributed to regular staff vacations during which agency nurses were used. The nurse is employed in which role?
- A. Case Manager
- B. Quality Manager
- C. Forensic Nurse
- D. Occupational Health Nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse's role involves analyzing data to identify causes of variation in falls, indicating a focus on quality improvement.
Step 2: As a Quality Manager, the nurse is responsible for monitoring and improving the quality of care provided.
Step 3: Case Managers focus on coordinating patient care, Forensic Nurses deal with legal aspects, and Occupational Health Nurses focus on workplace health.
Step 4: Therefore, the nurse's role aligns most closely with a Quality Manager in this scenario, making choice B the correct answer.
A nurse is assisting with the delivery of twins. The first infant is placed on the scale to be weighed. The physician requests an instrument stat. The nurse turns to hand the instrument to the physician, and the infant falls off the scale. When evaluating the incident, the nurse and her manager list contributory factors such as the need for two nurses when multiple births are known, and the location of the scale so far from the delivery field. These nurses are performing a(n):
- A. standardization of care.
- B. root cause analysis.
- C. process variation.
- D. analysis of a deployment flowchart.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: root cause analysis. Root cause analysis involves identifying the underlying causes of an incident to prevent its recurrence. In this scenario, the nurse and manager are examining factors contributing to the infant falling off the scale. They are looking beyond the immediate event to understand the systemic issues that led to the incident, such as the need for additional staff during multiple births and the placement of the scale far from the delivery field. By conducting a root cause analysis, they aim to address these underlying issues and prevent similar incidents in the future.
A: Standardization of care refers to consistent application of best practices, which is not the focus of the nurse and manager's actions in this situation.
C: Process variation involves analyzing inconsistencies in processes, which is not the primary concern in this incident.
D: Analysis of a deployment flowchart examines the flow of resources in a process, which is not directly related to identifying the root causes of the incident.
Studies conducted to determine enrollment trends in nursing schools have found that in the last years:
- A. a greater number of individuals chose nursing as a career but could not meet entrance requirements.
- B. more young people chose to enter the profession of nursing.
- C. fewer career opportunities exist in the profession of nursing and fewer opportunities are projected to exist for women.
- D. men have dominated the profession, and women feel that they have experienced discrimination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it directly addresses the enrollment trends in nursing schools. The statement indicates that a greater number of individuals have chosen nursing as a career but could not meet entrance requirements, implying an increase in interest but a barrier to entry.
Explanation:
- Choice A directly relates to enrollment trends by highlighting an increase in interest but a challenge in meeting requirements.
- Choice B is incorrect as the question focuses on enrollment trends, not the age of individuals entering nursing.
- Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a decrease in career opportunities and projects a negative outlook for women, which is not supported by the question.
- Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a gender dynamic not mentioned in the question and does not address enrollment trends.
To determine basic competency, the interview for a nursing position may include a test in:
- A. pathophysiology.
- B. correctly writing nursing diagnoses.
- C. pharmacology.
- D. computer skills.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pathophysiology. This is because understanding pathophysiology is fundamental for a nurse to comprehend how diseases affect the body. It helps nurses provide appropriate care and make critical decisions. Incorrect choices: B focuses on documentation, C on medication knowledge, and D on technical skills, which are important but not as essential as understanding the physiological mechanisms of diseases.
Which experience is best designed to support a nursing student's preparation for interprofessional team participation?
- A. Attending a seminar on interprofessional team cooperation
- B. Completing a preceptorship with an advanced practice nurse
- C. Carrying for three patients with varying medical diagnoses
- D. Presenting patient information at the daily care planning meeting on a mental health unit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, completing a preceptorship with an advanced practice nurse. This experience allows the nursing student to directly work with and learn from a more experienced healthcare professional, gaining firsthand knowledge of interprofessional collaboration, communication, and teamwork. The preceptorship provides practical, real-world exposure to interprofessional team dynamics and allows for mentorship and guidance.
A: Attending a seminar may provide theoretical knowledge but lacks the practical application and direct experience of working within a team.
C: Caring for patients with varying medical diagnoses is important for developing clinical skills but may not specifically focus on interprofessional team participation.
D: Presenting patient information at a meeting involves communication skills but does not offer the same level of hands-on experience in interprofessional teamwork as a preceptorship.