Nokea
Where are large fenestrations or slit junctions located?
- A. Bone
- B. Brain
- C. Skin
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver has large fenestrations in sinusoidal endothelium, allowing easy drug passage, unlike the brain (tight junctions) or bone/skin (less permeable).
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Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets:
- A. Thromboxane Aâ‚‚
- B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
- C. Platelet activating factor
- D. Prostacyclin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low-dose aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets, reducing thromboxane Aâ‚‚ production, which promotes platelet aggregation, thus prolonging bleeding time.
After teaching a group of students about the different routes of medication administration, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a topical drug?
- A. Capsule
- B. Suppository
- C. Nebulized bronchodilator
- D. Nicotine patch
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical drugs are drugs that are applied to the outer layer of the skin but not absorbed through the skin, such as eyedrops and suppositories. A nebulized bronchodilator is an inhaled medication. A nicotine patch delivers the medication transdermally; that is, it is readily absorbed from the skin. A capsule is a form of oral medication.
Patients need to be instructed regarding the drug interactions with St John's wort, including:
- A. MAO inhibitors
- B. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- C. Over-the-counter cough and cold medications
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: St John's wort interacts with MAOIs, SSRIs (risk of serotonin syndrome), and OTC drugs via CYP450 induction.
Which of the following vitamin or mineral supplements may by teratogenic if a pregnant woman takes more than the recommended amount?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin A
- C. Vitamin B6
- D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess vitamin A (retinol) is teratogenic, potentially causing congenital malformations.
A patient is using the Commit lozenge 2 mg to help quit smoking and reports nausea and indigestion. The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?
- A. Allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly over 20 to 30 minutes
- B. Chew the lozenge thoroughly before swallowing it
- C. Increase to 4 mg and use less often
- D. Take the lozenge with food and a full glass of water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow dissolution minimizes GI upset from nicotine lozenges; chewing worsens it. The patient should allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly.